Editing Taiwan Province (section)

===Qing Empire===
In 1683, [[Zheng Keshuang]] (third ruler of the [[Kingdom of Tungning]] and a grandson of [[Koxinga]]), surrendered to the [[Qing Empire]] following a naval engagement with Admiral [[Shi Lang]]. The Qing then ruled the Taiwanese archipelago (including [[Penghu]]) as [[Taiwan Prefecture]] of [[Fujian Province]]. In 1875, [[Taipeh Prefecture]] was separated from Taiwan Prefecture. In 1885, work commenced under the auspices of [[Liu Mingchuan|Liu Ming-chuan]] to develop Taiwan into a province. In 1887, the island was designated as a province (officially "Fujian-Taiwan Province"; Chinese: [[:zh:福建臺灣省|福建臺灣省]]), with Liu as the first governor.<ref>{{harvp|Davidson|1903|p=[https://archive.org/details/islandofformosap00davi/page/244 244]}} "During the French war, Liu Ming-chuan had been placed in sole command, responsible only to the central authorities. Under his superintendence, Formosa had been carried safely through the war, and it was now apparent that the exigencies of the times required that the island should be made an independent province, and that officials of high rank and undoubted ability should be henceforth placed in charge of it. Therefore, in 1887, the island was declared by Imperial decree an independent province, and the Imperial Commissioner Liu Ming-chuan was appointed the first governor."</ref> The province was also reorganized into four prefectures, eleven districts, and three sub-prefectures.{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=244|ps=: "A thorough reorganization and redivisioning of the island was now necessitated. In former days, Formosa comprised one complete prefecture, four districts, and three sub-prefectures. Now the island became a province with four prefectures (Taipeh, Taiwan, [[Tainan]], and [[Taitung Prefecture|Taitung]]), eleven districts, and three sub-prefectures."}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Sketches from Formosa |year=1915 |last=Campbell |first=William |author-link=William Campbell (missionary) |publisher=Marshall Brothers |location=London |chapter=Chapter XLIV: A Retrospect and a Forecast |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/sketchesfromtaiw00camprich#page/278/mode/2up |ol=7051071M |pages=278–9}}</ref> The provincial capital, or "Taiwan-fu", was intended to be moved from the south (modern-day [[Tainan]]) to the more central area of ''Toatun'' (modern-day [[Taichung]]) in the revamped Taiwan Prefecture.{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|pp=244–5|ps=: "As a result of these changes and additions, the seat of government (which had been formerly at the old town of Taiwan-fu in the south, which city had been in turn the capital of the Dutch, Koxinga, and the Chinese,) was now removed temporarily to the new city of [[Taipei|Taipeh]], which had been lately in course of construction...In connection with this, it is necessary to go further and explain that it was the intention of the government to build a new capital city in the centre of the island near [[Changhua|Changwha]]. Accordingly, the new city was laid out and the construction of official yamens commenced. The name of the new city became Taiwan-fu, or the capital city of Taiwan (Formosa), and it was also to be the seat of a new prefecture called [[Taiwan Prefecture|Taiwan [Prefecture]]]." }} As the new central Taiwan-fu was still under construction, the capital was temporarily moved north to Taipeh (modern-day Taipei), which eventually was designated the provincial capital.
{|class=wikitable
|+Divisions of Taiwan (Formosa) as a province<ref>adapted from {{harvp|Davidson|1903|p=244}}</ref>
!Circuit!!Prefectures!!Districts!!Sub-Prefectures
|-
|rowspan=12|Taiwan
|rowspan=3|[[Taipeh Prefecture|Taipeh]]
|Tamsui || Kelung
|-
|Gilan ||
|-
|Hsinchu ||
|-
|rowspan=4|[[Taiwan Prefecture|Taiwan]]
|Taiwan ({{lang|zh-Hant|[[:zh:臺灣縣 (1887年-1895年)|臺灣縣]]}}) ||
|-
|Changwha || Puli
|-
|Yunlin ||
|-
|Miaoli ||
|-
|rowspan=4|[[Tainan Prefecture (Qing dynasty)|Tainan]]
|Anping || Penghu
|-
|Kagi ||
|-
|Fengshan ||
|-
|Hengchun ||
|-
|[[Taitung Prefecture|Taitung]]||colspan=2|
|}