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==Infant swimming== {{main article|Infant swimming}} Human babies demonstrate an innate swimming or [[diving reflex]] from newborn until approximately ten months.<ref name="Bradycardic response">{{cite journal|last1=Goksor|first1=E.|last2=Rosengren|first2=L.|last3=Wennergren|first3=G.|title=Bradycardic response during submersion in infant swimming|journal=Acta Paediatrica|date=2002|volume=91|issue=3|pages=307β312|doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.2002.tb01720.x|pmid=12022304|s2cid=22213714}}</ref> Other mammals also demonstrate this phenomenon (see [[mammalian diving reflex]]). The diving response involves [[apnea]], [[reflex bradycardia]], and peripheral [[vasoconstriction]]; in other words, babies immersed in water spontaneously hold their breath, slow their heart rate, and reduce blood circulation to the extremities (fingers and toes).<ref name="Bradycardic response"/> Because infants exhibit instinctual swimming behaviors, though formal training is recommended to reinforce these abilities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Leo |first1=Irene |last2=Leone |first2=Silvia |last3=Dicataldo |first3=Raffaele |last4=Vivenzio |first4=Chiara |last5=Cavallin |first5=Nada |last6=Taglioni |first6=Chiara |last7=Roch |first7=Maja |date=2022-07-28 |title=A Non-Randomized Pilot Study on the Benefits of Baby Swimming on Motor Development |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |language=en |volume=19 |issue=15 |pages=9262 |doi=10.3390/ijerph19159262 |doi-access=free |pmid=35954617 |pmc=9368508 |issn=1660-4601 }}</ref>, classes for babies about six months old are offered in many locations. This helps build muscle memory and makes strong swimmers from a young age.
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