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===Peru=== [[File:Huanchaco.jpg|thumb|''Caballitos de totora'', reed watercraft used by fishermen for the past 3000 years at Huanchaco, Peru, known for its surf breaks]] About three to five thousand years ago, cultures in ancient [[Peru]] fished in kayak-like watercraft (''mochica'') made of reeds that the fishermen surfed back to shore.<ref name="Hough-SneeEastman2017">{{cite book |last1=Hough-Snee |first1=Dexter Zavalza |last2=Eastman |first2=Alexander Sotelo |editor1-last=Hough-Snee |editor1-first=Dexter Zavalza |editor2-last=Eastman |editor2-first=Alexander Sotelo |title=The Critical Surf Studies Reader |year=2017 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-7282-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mLwwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT11 |page=11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What are Caballitos de Totora?|url=https://www.surfertoday.com/surfing/what-are-caballitos-de-totora|access-date=2020-09-04|website=Surfer Today|date=20 March 2017}}</ref> The [[Moche culture]] used the [[caballito de totora]] (little horse of [[Totora (plant)|totora]]), with archaeological evidence showing its use around 200 CE.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Larco Hoyle|first=Rafael|title=Los Mochicas|publisher=[[Larco Museum|Rafael Larco Herrera Archaeological Museum]]|year=2001|isbn=9972-9341-0-1|location=Lima}}</ref> An early description of the [[Inca Empire|Inca]] surfing in [[Callao]] was documented by Jesuit missionary [[José de Acosta]] in his 1590 publication ''Historia natural y moral de las Indias'', writing:<ref>{{Cite book|last=de Acosta|first=José|author-link=José de Acosta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=26zAd4TrWXsC&q=olas|title=Historia natural y moral de las Indias|publisher=Casa de Juan de Leon|year=1590|pages=162}}</ref>{{Blockquote|text=It is true to see them go fishing in Callao de Lima, was for me a thing of great recreation, because there were many and each one in a ''balsilla caballero'', or sitting stubbornly cutting the waves of the sea, which is rough where they fish, they looked like the Tritons, or Neptunes, who paint upon the water.|author=|title=|source=}}
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