Editing Suppletion (section)

==Example words==

=== To go ===
In [[English language|English]], the past tense of the verb ''go'' is ''went'', which comes from the past tense of the verb ''wend'', archaic in this sense. (The modern past tense of ''wend'' is ''wended''.) See ''[[Go (verb)]]''.

The [[Romance languages]] have a variety of suppletive forms in conjugating the verb "to go", as these first-person singular forms illustrate (second-person singular forms in imperative):<ref>However, some unstandardized languages are chosen in non-standard dialects instead based on their uniqueness. This table below excludes [[periphrasis|periphrastic]] tenses.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Language 
! colspan="2" | Imperative 
! colspan="2" | Present 
! colspan="2" | Subjunctive 
! colspan="2" | Future 
! colspan="2" | Preterite 
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
|-
! French
| style="background:PaleGreen;" |   {{lang|fr|va}}, {{lang|fr|vas-y}}
|1
| style="background:PaleGreen;" |   {{lang|fr|vais}} 
| 1
| style="background: PaleTurquoise;" | {{lang|fr|aille}}
| 4
| style="background: lightyellow;" | {{lang|fr|irai}} 
| 2
| style="background: PaleTurquoise;" | {{lang|fr|allai}}
| 4
| style="background: PaleTurquoise;" | {{wikt-lang|fr|aller}}
| 4
|-
! Romansh<br/><small>(Sursilvan)</small>
| style="background:PaleGreen;" |   {{lang|rm|va}}
|1
| style="background: pink;" | {{lang|rm|mon}}
| 6
| style="background: pink;" |{{lang|rm|mondi}}
| 6
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | &mdash;
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | &mdash;
| style="background: lightyellow;" | {{wikt-lang|rm|ir}}
| 2
|-
! Sardinian<br/><small>(Logudorese)</small>
| style="background:PaleGreen;" |   {{lang|rm|bai}}
|1
| style="background: lightblue;" | {{lang|rm|ando}}
| 3
| style="background: lightblue;" |{{lang|rm|andaia}}, {{lang|rm|andaio}}
| 3
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | &mdash;
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | &mdash;
| style="background: lightblue;" |{{wikt-lang|rm|andare}}
| 3
|-
! Italian
| style="background:PaleGreen;" |   {{lang|it|vai}}, {{lang|it|va}}, {{lang|it|va'}}
|1
| style="background:PaleGreen;" | {{lang|it|vado}}, {{lang|it|vo}}
| 1
| style="background:PaleGreen;" | {{lang|it|vada}}
| 1
| style="background: lightblue;" | {{lang|it|andrò}} 
| 3
| style="background: lightblue;" | {{lang|it|andai}}
| 3
| style="background: lightblue;" | {{wikt-lang|it|andare}}
| 3
|-
! Occitan<br/><small>(Languedocien)</small>
| style="background:PaleGreen;" |   {{lang|oc|vai}}
|1
| style="background:PaleGreen;" | {{lang|oc|vau}} 
| 1
|style="background: lightblue;" | {{lang|oc|ane}}
| 3
| style="background: lightblue;" | {{lang|oc|anarai}} 
| 3
| style="background: lightblue;" | {{lang|oc|anèri}}
| 3
| style="background: lightblue;" | {{wikt-lang|oc|anar}}
| 3
|-
! Catalan
| style="background:PaleGreen;" |   {{lang|ca|vès}}
|1
| style="background:PaleGreen;" |    {{lang|ca|vaig}} 
| 1
| style="background:PaleGreen;" | {{lang|ca|vagi}}
| 1
| style="background: lightblue;" | {{lang|ca|aniré}} 
| 3
| style="background: lightblue;" | {{lang|ca|aní}}
| 3
| style="background: lightblue;" | {{wikt-lang|ca|anar}}
| 3
|-
! rowspan=2 | Spanish
| style="background:PaleGreen;" |   {{lang|es|ve}}<sup>tú</sup>
|1
| rowspan=2 style="background:PaleGreen;" | {{lang|es|voy}} 
| rowspan=2 | 1
| rowspan=2 style="background:PaleGreen;" | {{lang|es|vaya}}
| rowspan=2 | 1
| rowspan=2 style="background: lightyellow;" | {{lang|es|iré}} 
| rowspan=2 | 2
| rowspan=2 style="background: wheat;" | {{lang|es|fui}}
| rowspan=2 | 5
| rowspan=2 style="background: lightyellow;" | {{wikt-lang|es|ir}}
| rowspan=2 | 2
|-
| style="background: lightblue;" |{{lang|es|andá}}<sup>[[voseo|vos]]</sup>
|3
|-
! rowspan=2 | Portuguese
| style="background:PaleGreen;" |   {{lang|pt|vai}}<sup>tu</sup>
| 1
| rowspan=2 style="background:PaleGreen;" | {{lang|pt|vou}} 
| rowspan=2 | 1
| rowspan=2 style="background:PaleGreen;" | {{lang|pt|vá}}
| rowspan=2 | 1
| rowspan=2 style="background: lightyellow;" | {{lang|pt|irei}} 
| rowspan=2 | 2
| rowspan=2 style="background: wheat;" | {{lang|pt|fui}}
| rowspan=2 | 5
| rowspan=2 style="background: lightyellow;" | {{wikt-lang|pt|ir}}
| rowspan=2 | 2
|-
| style="background: lightyellow;" |{{lang|pt|ide}}<sup>vós</sup>
|2
|-
|
|}
The sources of these forms, numbered in the table, are six different [[Latin]] verbs:
#{{lang|la|vādere}} ‘to go, proceed’,<ref>''Vadere'' is cognate with English ''wade'' ([[PIE]] root [[:wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weh₂dʰ-|*weh₂dʰ-]]).</ref>
#{{lang|la|īre}} ‘to go’
#{{lang|la|ambitāre}} ‘to go around’,<ref>Late Lat. *''ambitāre'' is a [[Frequentative#Latin|frequentative]] form of classical [[:wikt:ambio|''ambio'']] ‘to go around’.</ref> also the source for Spanish and Portuguese {{lang|es|andar}} ‘to walk’
#{{lang|la|ambulāre}} ‘to walk’, or perhaps another Latin root, a Celtic root, or a Germanic root {{lang|frk|halon}} or {{lang|non|hala}}<ref>{{Cite journal |title=A New Hypothesis on the Origin of French ''Aller'' |author= H. Diamant |year=1968 |journal=Word |volume=24 |number=1–3 |pages=73–80 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.1080/00437956.1968.11435516 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
#{{lang|la|fuī}} suppletive perfective of {{lang|la|esse}} ‘to be’.<ref>The [[preterite]]s of "to be" and "to go" are identical in Spanish and Portuguese. Compare the English construction "Have you ''been'' to France?" which has no simple present form.</ref>
#{{lang|la|meāre}} ‘to go along’.

Many of the Romance languages use forms from different verbs in the present tense; for example, French has {{lang|fr|je vais}} ‘I go’ from {{lang|la|vadere}}, but {{lang|fr|nous allons}} ‘we go’ from {{lang|la|ambulare}}. Galician-Portuguese has a similar example: {{lang|gl|imos}} from {{lang|la|ire}} ‘to go’ and {{lang|gl|vamos}} from {{lang|la|vadere}} ‘we go’; the former is somewhat disused in modern Portuguese but very alive in modern Galician. Even {{lang|gl|ides}}, from {{lang|la|itis}} second-person plural of {{lang|la|ire}}, is the only form for ‘you (plural) go’ both in Galician and Portuguese (Spanish {{lang|es|vais}}, from {{lang|la|vadere}}).

Sometimes, the conjugations differ between dialects. For instance, the ''[[Limba Sarda Comuna]]'' standard of Sardinian supported a fully regular conjugation of {{lang|sc|andare}}, but other dialects like [[Logudorese dialect|Logudorese]] do not (see also [[Sardinian conjugation]]). In Romansh, ''[[Rumantsch Grischun]]'' substitutes present and subjunctive forms of ''ir'' with ''vom'' and ''giaja'' (both are from Latin ''vādere'' and ''īre'', respectively) in the place of ''mon'' and ''mondi'' in Sursilvan.

Similarly, the Welsh verb {{lang|cy|mynd}} ‘to go’ has a variety of suppletive forms such as {{lang|cy|af}} ‘I shall go’ and {{lang|cy|euthum}} ‘we went’. Irish {{lang|cy|téigh}} ‘to go’ also has suppletive forms: {{lang|cy|dul}} ‘going’ and {{lang|cy|rachaidh}} ‘will go’.

In [[Estonian language|Estonian]], the inflected forms of the verb {{lang|et|minema}} ‘to go’ were originally those of a verb cognate with the Finnish {{lang|fi|lähteä}} ‘to leave’, except for the passive and infinitive.

=== Good and bad ===
In [[Germanic languages|Germanic]], [[Romance languages|Romance]] (except [[Romanian language|Romanian]]), [[Celtic languages|Celtic]], [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] (except [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] and [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]), and [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] languages, the [[grammatical comparative|comparative]] and [[grammatical superlative|superlative]] of the adjective "good" is suppletive; in many of these languages the adjective "bad" is also suppletive.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ good, better, best
|-
! Language !! Adjective !! Etymology !! Comparative !! Superlative !! Etymology
|-
! colspan="6" | Germanic languages
|-
! [[English language|English]]
|good
| rowspan="9" |[[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]: {{wikt-lang|gem-x-proto|*gōdaz}}<ref name="godaz">Wiktionary, Proto-Germanic root {{wikt-lang|gem-x-proto|*gōdaz}}</ref>
* {{langx|ang|gōd}}
* {{langx|goh|guot}}
* {{langx|odt|*guot}}
* {{langx|non|góðr}}
cognate to {{langx|sa-Latn|gadhya||what one clings to}}
|better
|best
| rowspan="9" |Proto-Germanic: {{wikt-lang|gem-x-proto|*batizô}}<ref name="godaz" />
* {{langx|ang|betera}}
* cognate to OE {{lang|ang|bōt}} "remedy" 
cognate to {{langx|sa|bhadra}} "fortunate"
|-
! [[Danish language|Danish]]
| {{lang|da|god}}
| {{lang|da|bedre}}
| {{lang|da|bedst}}
|-
! [[German language|German]]
| {{lang|de|gut}}
| {{lang|de|besser}}
| {{lang|de|besten}}
|-
! [[Faroese language|Faroese]]
| {{lang|fo|góður}}
| {{lang|fo|betri}}
| {{lang|fo|bestur}}
|-
! [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
| {{lang|is|góður}}
| {{lang|is|betri}}
| {{lang|is|bestur}}
|-
! [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
| {{lang|nl|goed}}
| {{lang|nl|beter}}
| {{lang|nl|best}}
|-
! [[Norwegian Bokmal|Norwegian Bokmål]]
| {{lang|no|god}}
| {{lang|no|bedre}}
| {{lang|no|best}}
|-
![[Norwegian Nynorsk]]
|''god''
|''betre''
|''best''
|-
! [[Swedish language|Swedish]]
| {{lang|sv|god}}
| {{lang|sv|bättre}}
| {{lang|sv|bäst}}
|-
! colspan="6" | Romance languages
|-
! [[French language|French]]
| {{lang|fr|bon}}
| rowspan="5" | {{langx|la|bonus}}
from [[Old Latin]]: {{lang|la|duenos}}
* cognate to {{langx|sa-Latn|duva}} "reverence"
| colspan="2" | {{lang|fr|meilleur}}
| rowspan="5" | {{plainlist|
* {{langx|la|melior}}
* cognate to Latin {{lang|la|multus}} "many"
* cognate to {{langx|grc|μάλα|mala|very}}
}}
|-
! [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
| {{lang|pt|bom}}
| colspan="2" | {{lang|pt|melhor}}
|-
! [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| {{lang|es|bueno}}
| colspan="2" | {{lang|es|mejor}}
|-
! [[Catalan language|Catalan]]
| {{lang|ca|bo}}
| colspan="2" | {{lang|ca|millor}}
|-
! [[Italian language|Italian]]
| {{lang|it|buono}}
| colspan="2" | {{lang|it|migliore}}
|-
! colspan="6" | Celtic languages
|-
! [[Scottish Gaelic]]
| {{lang|gd|math}}
| rowspan="3" | [[Proto-Celtic]]: {{lang|cel-x-proto|*matis}}
from [[Proto-Indo-European]]: ''*{{PIE|meh₂-}}'' "ripen", "mature"
| colspan="2" | {{lang|gd|feàrr}}
| rowspan="2" | Proto-Celtic {{lang|cel-x-proto|*werros}}
from Proto-Indo-European: ''*{{PIE|wers-}}'' "peak"
|-
! [[Irish language|Irish]]
| {{lang|ga|maith}}
| colspan="2" | {{lang|ga|fearr}}
|-
! [[Breton language|Breton]]
| {{lang|br|mat}}
| {{lang|br|gwell}}, {{lang|br|gwelloc'h}} (1)
| {{lang|br|gwellañ}} (1)
| rowspan="2" | {{plainlist|
* (1) Proto-Celtic: {{lang|cel-x-proto|*u̯el-no-}}
* (2) Proto-Celtic {{lang|cel-x-proto|*u̯or-gous-on}}
}}
|-
! [[Welsh language|Welsh]]
| {{lang|cy|da}}
| Proto-Celtic: {{lang|cel-x-proto|*dagos}} "good", "well"
|| {{lang|cy|gwell}} (1)
| {{lang|cy|gorau}} (2) 
|-
! colspan="6" | Slavic languages
|-
! [[Polish language|Polish]]
| {{lang|pl|dobry}}
| rowspan="6" | Proto-Slavic: ''{{wikt-lang|sla-pro|*dobrъ}}''
| {{lang|pl|lepszy}}
| {{lang|pl|najlepszy}}
| rowspan="4" | Proto-Indo-European ''*{{PIE|lep-}}'', ''*{{PIE|lēp-}}'' "behoof", "boot", "good"
|-
! [[Czech language|Czech]]
| {{lang|cs|dobrý}}
| {{lang|cs|lepší}}
| {{lang|cs|nejlepší}}
|-
! [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
| {{lang|sk|dobrý}}
| {{lang|sk|lepší}}
| {{lang|sk|najlepší}}
|-
! [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| {{lang|uk|добрий}}
| {{lang|uk|ліпший}}
| {{lang|uk|найліпший}}
|-
! [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]]
| {{lang|sh|dobar}}
| {{lang|sh|bolji}}
| {{lang|sh|najbolji}}
| rowspan="2" | Proto-Slavic: ''{{wikt-lang|sla-pro|*boľьjь}}'' "bigger"
|-
! [[Slovene language|Slovene]]
| {{lang|sl|dober}}
| {{lang|sl|boljši}}
| {{lang|sl|najboljši}}
|-
! [[Russian language|Russian]]
| {{langx|ru|хороший|khoroshiy|label=none}}
| probably from Proto-Slavic: ''{{wikt-lang|sla-pro|*xorъ}}''<ref name="Vasmer">[[Max Vasmer]], Russisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch</ref>
| {{langx|ru|лучше|luchshe|label=none}}  
| {{langx|ru|(наи)лучший|(nai)luchshiy|label=none}}
| Old Russian {{lang|orv|лучии}}, neut. {{lang|orv|луче}}
Old Church Slavonic: {{lang|cu|лоучии}} "more suitable, appropriate"<ref name="Vasmer" />
|-
! colspan="6" | Indo-Iranian languages
|-
! [[Persian language|Persian]]
| {{langx|fa|خوب|khūb|label=none}} {{IPA|[xʊb]}}{{efn|Poetic {{langx|fa|به|beh|label=none}}}}
| probably cognate of Proto-Slavic ''{{wikt-lang|sla-pro|*xorъ}}'' (above). Not a satisfactory etymology for {{lang|peo-Latn|beh}}; but see comparative and superlative forms in comparison to Germanic
| {{langx|fa|خوبتر|xūb-tar|label=none}} or {{langx|fa|بِهْتَر|beh-tar|label=none}}{{efn|The superlative of {{lang|peo-Latn|beh-}} 'good' in [[Old Persian|Ancient Persian]] is {{lang|peo-Latn|beh-ist}} which has evolved to {{langx|fa|بهشت|behešt|label=none}} "paradise" in Modern Persian.}}
| {{langx|fa|خوبترین|xūb-tarīn|label=none}} or {{langx|fa|بِهْتَرين|beh-tarīn|label=none}}
| From Proto-Indo-Iranian ''*Hwásuš'' "good". Not a cognate of the Germanic forms above.
|-
! colspan="6" | Non-Indo-European languages
|-
![[Georgian language|Georgian]]
|კარგი, k'argi [kʼaɾgi].
|possibly an [[Iranian languages|Iranian]] borrowing via Old Armenian {{wikt-lang|xcl|կարգ}} (karg, “order”).
|უკეთესი, uk'etesi [uk'e̞tʰe̞si].
|საუკეთესო, sauk'eteso [sauk'e̞tʰe̞so̞].
|From Proto-Georgian-Zan *ḳet- “to add, mix”.
|}
{{notelist}}
The comparison of "good" is also suppletive in {{langx|et|hea}} → {{lang|et|parem}}  → {{lang|et|parim}} and {{langx|fi|hyvä}} → {{lang|fi|parempi}} → {{lang|fi|paras}}.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|
|+ bad, worse, worst
! Language
! Adjective
! Etymology
! Comparative 
! Superlative
! Etymology
|-
! colspan="6" | Germanic languages
|-
! [[English language|English]]
| bad
| Uncertain, possibly from OE {{lang|ang|bæddel}} ("[[effeminate]] man, [[hermaphrodite]], [[pederast]]"),<ref>{{cite web |last=Harper |first=Douglas |date= |title=Etymology of ''bad''|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/bad |website=[[Etymonline|Online Etymology Dictionary]] |location= |publisher= |access-date=2025-03-08}}</ref> related to OE {{lang|ang|bædan}} ("to defile") < Proto-Germanic {{lang|gem-x-proto|*baidijaną}} ("constrain, cause to stay")<br /><small>In OE {{lang|ang|yfel}} was more common, compare [[Proto-Germanic]] {{lang|gem-x-proto|*ubilaz}}, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] {{lang|got-Latn|ubils}} (bad), German {{lang|de|übel}} (evil / bad), English ''evil''</small>
| worse 
| worst 
| rowspan="8" |From Proto-Germanic ''*wirsizô, *wirsistaz''.
|-
! [[Old Norse]]
| {{lang|non|vándr}}
| rowspan="7" |From Proto-Germanic ''*wanh-''.
| {{lang|non|verri}}
| {{lang|non|verstr}}
|-
! [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
| {{lang|is|vondur}}
| {{lang|is|verri}}
| {{lang|is|verstur}}
|-
! [[Faroese language|Faroese]]
| {{lang|fo|óndur}}
| {{lang|fo|verri}}
| {{lang|fo|verstur}}
|-
! [[Norwegian Bokmål]]
| {{lang|no|ond}}, {{lang|no|vond}}
| {{lang|no|verre}}
| {{lang|no|verst(e)}}
|-
![[Norwegian Nynorsk]]
|''vond''
|''verre''
|''verst(e)''
|-
! [[Swedish language|Swedish]]
| {{lang|sv|ond}}
| {{lang|sv|värre}}
| {{lang|sv|värst}}
|-
! [[Danish language|Danish]]
| {{lang|da|ond}}
| {{lang|da|værre}}
| {{lang|da|værst}}
|-
! colspan="6" | Romance languages
|-
! [[French language|French]]
| {{lang|fr|mal}}{{efn|name="bad-worse-worst-romance1"|These are adverbial forms ("badly"); the Italian adjective is itself suppletive ({{lang|it|cattivo}}, from the same root as "captive", respectively) whereas the French {{lang|fr|mauvais}} is compound ({{lang|la|malifātius}} < {{lang|la|malus}}+{{lang|la|fatum}}).}}
| rowspan="5" | {{langx|la|malus}}
| colspan="2" | {{lang|fr| pire }}
| rowspan="5" | {{langx|la|peior}}, cognate to Sanskrit {{lang|sa-Latn|padyate}} "he falls"
|-
! [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
| {{lang|pt|mau}}
|colspan="2" | {{lang|pt|pior}}
|-
! [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| {{lang|es|malo}}
|colspan="2" | {{lang|es|peor}}
|-
! [[Catalan language|Catalan]]
| {{lang|ca|mal}}{{efn|{{lang|ca|Mal}} is used in Catalan before nouns, the form after nouns ({{lang|ca|dolent}}) is also suppletive (< Latin {{lang|la|dolente}} "painful").}}
|colspan="2" | {{lang|ca|pitjor}}
|-
! [[Italian language|Italian]]
| {{lang|it|male}}{{efn|name="bad-worse-worst-romance1"}}
|colspan="2" | {{lang|it|peggiore}}
|-
! colspan="6" | Celtic languages
|-
! [[Scottish Gaelic]]
| {{lang|gd|droch }}
| rowspan="3" | Proto-Celtic {{lang|cel-x-proto|*drukos}} ("bad") < (possibly) PIE *''{{PIE|dʰrewgʰ-}}'' ("to deceive") 
| colspan="2" |{{lang|gd|miosa}}
| rowspan="2" | Proto-Celtic {{lang|cel-x-proto|*missos}} < PIE ''*{{PIE|mey}}''- ("to change")
|-
! [[Irish language|Irish]]
| {{lang|ga|droch}}
|colspan="2" | {{lang|ga|measa}}
|-
! [[Welsh language|Welsh]]
| {{lang|cy|drwg}}
| {{lang|cy|gwaeth}}
| {{lang|cy|gwaethaf}}
| Proto-Celtic {{lang|cel-x-proto|*waxtisamos}} ("worst")
|-
! colspan="6" | Slavic languages
|-
! [[Polish language|Polish]]
| {{lang|pl|zły}}
| rowspan="5" | Proto-Slavic ''{{wikt-lang|sla-pro|*zъlъ}}''
| {{lang|pl|gorszy}}
| {{lang|pl|najgorszy}}
| rowspan="5"| compare Polish {{lang|pl|gorszyć}} (''to disgust, scandalise'')
|-
! [[Czech language|Czech]]
| {{lang|cs|zlý&nbsp;(špatný)}}
| {{lang|cs|horší}}
| {{lang|cs|nejhorší}}
|-
! [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
| {{lang|sk|zlý}}
| {{lang|sk|horší}}
| {{lang|sk|najhorší}}
|-
! [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| ''archaic''&nbsp;{{lang|uk|злий}}
| {{lang|uk|гірший}}
| {{lang|uk|найгірший}}
|-
! [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]]
| {{lang|sh|zao}}
| {{lang|sh|gori}}
| {{lang|sh|najgori}}
|-
! [[Russian language|Russian]]
| {{lang|ru|плохой}} ({{lang|ru-Latn|plokhoy}}) 
| probably Proto-Slavic ''{{wikt-lang|sla-pro|*polxъ}}''<ref name="Vasmer" /> 
| {{lang|ru|хуже}} ({{lang|ru-Latn|khuzhe}}) 
| {{lang|ru|(наи)худший}} ({{lang|ru-Latn|(nai)khudshiy}})
| Old Church Slavonic {{lang|cu|хоудъ}}, Proto-Slavic ''{{wikt-lang|sla-pro|*xudъ}}'' ("bad", "small")<ref name="Vasmer" />
|}
{{notelist}}
Similarly to the Italian noted above, the English adverb form of "good" is the unrelated word "well", from Old English {{lang|ang|wel}}, cognate to {{lang|ang|wyllan}} "to wish".

=== Great and small ===
Celtic languages:

:{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ small, smaller, smallest
! Language !! Adjective !! Comparative / superlative
|-
! [[Irish language|Irish]]
| beag <br /><small>([[Old Irish]] ''bec'' < [[Proto-Celtic]] *''bikkos'')</small> || níos lú / is lú <br /><small>(< Old Irish ''laigiu'' < Proto-Celtic *''lagyūs'' < PIE *''h₁lengʷʰ-'' ("lightweight"))</small>
|-
! [[Welsh language|Welsh]]
| bach <br /><small>(< [[Common Brittonic|Brythonic]] *''bɨx'' <br />< Proto-Celtic *''bikkos'')</small> || llai / lleiaf <br /><small>(< PIE *''h₁lengʷʰ-'' (“lightweight”))</small>
|}
:{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ great, greater, greatest
! Language !! Adjective !! Comparative / superlative
|-
! [[Irish language|Irish]]
| mór <br /><small>(< Proto-Celtic *''māros'' < PIE *''moh₁ros'')</small> || níos mó / is mó<br /><small>< Proto-Celtic *''māyos'' < PIE *''meh₁-'')</small>
|-
! [[Welsh language|Welsh]]
| mawr <br /><small>(< Proto-Celtic *''māros'' < PIE *''moh₁ros'')</small> || mwy / mwyaf <br /><small>< Proto-Celtic *''māyos'' < PIE *''meh₁-'')</small>
|}

In many Slavic languages, ''great'' and ''small'' are suppletive:
:{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ small, smaller, smallest
! Language !! Adjective !! Comparative / superlative
|-
! [[Polish language|Polish]]
| mały || mniejszy / najmniejszy
|-
! [[Czech language|Czech]]
| malý || menší / nejmenší
|-
! [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
| malý || menší / najmenší
|-
! [[Slovene language|Slovene]]
| majhen || manjši / najmanjši
|-
! [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| малий, маленький|| менший / найменший
|-
! [[Russian language|Russian]]
| маленький (''malen'kiy'') || меньший / наименьший (''men'she'' / ''naimen'shiy'')
|}
:{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ great, greater, greatest
! Language !! Adjective !! Comparative / superlative
|-
! [[Polish language|Polish]]
| duży || większy / największy
|-
! [[Czech language|Czech]]
| velký || větší / největší
|-
! [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
| veľký || väčší / najväčší
|-
! [[Slovene language|Slovene]]
| velik || večji / največji
|-
! [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| великий || більший / найбільший
|}