Editing Streptococcal pharyngitis (section)

==Cause==
Strep throat is caused by [[group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus|group A β-hemolytic ''Streptococcus'']] (GAS or ''S. pyogenes'').<ref name=Review10>{{cite journal | author = Baltimore RS | title = Re-evaluation of antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis | journal = Curr. Opin. Pediatr. | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 77–82 |date=February 2010 | pmid = 19996970 | doi = 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833502e7 | s2cid = 13141765 }}</ref> Humans are the primary natural reservoir for group A streptococcus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-19|title=Group A Strep|url=https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-hcp/strep-throat.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027072216/https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-hcp/strep-throat.html|archive-date=2020-10-27|access-date=2020-10-27|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|publisher=[[United States Department of Health and Human Services|U. S. Department of Health & Human Services]]|language=en-us}}</ref> Other bacteria such as [[non–group A beta-hemolytic streptococci|non–group A β-hemolytic ''streptococci'']] and ''[[fusobacterium]]'' may also cause [[pharyngitis]].<ref name=Review09/><ref name=Review2001/>  It is spread by direct, close contact with an infected person; thus crowding, as may be found in the military and schools, increases the rate of transmission.<ref name=Review2001>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hayes CS, Williamson H | title = Management of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis | journal = Am Fam Physician | volume = 63 | issue = 8 | pages = 1557–64 | date = April 2001 | pmid = 11327431 | url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010415/1557.html | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080516091711/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010415/1557.html | archive-date = 2008-05-16 }}</ref><ref name="pmid15765640">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindbaek M, Høiby EA, Lermark G, Steinsholt IM, Hjortdahl P | title = Predictors for spread of clinical group A streptococcal tonsillitis within the household | journal = Scand J Prim Health Care | volume = 22 | issue = 4 | pages = 239–43 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15765640 | doi = 10.1080/02813430410006729 | doi-access = free }}</ref>  Dried bacteria in dust are not infectious, although moist bacteria on toothbrushes or similar items can persist for up to fifteen days.<ref name=Review2001/>  Contaminated food can result in outbreaks, but this is rare.<ref name=Review2001/>  Of children with no signs or symptoms, 12% carry GAS in their pharynx,<ref name=Peds2010/> and, after treatment, approximately 15% of those remain positive, and are true "carriers".<ref>{{cite book|editor1=Robert E. Rakel|editor2=David P. Rakel|title=Textbook of family medicine|publisher=Elsevier Saunders|location=Philadelphia, PA.|isbn=978-1-4377-1160-8|pages=331|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t0Mh0yOH5EsC&pg=PA331|edition=8th|year=2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908183611/https://books.google.com/books?id=t0Mh0yOH5EsC&pg=PA331|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref>