Editing Strasbourg (section)

==History==
{{main|History of Strasbourg}}
{{For timeline}}

[[File:Entrée solennelle de l'empereur Sigismond à Strasbourg en 1414 (3).jpg|thumb|[[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor]] visiting Strasbourg in 1414, detail of a painting by [[Léo Schnug]]]]
The [[Castra|Roman camp]] of [[Argentoratum]] was first mentioned in 12 BC; the city of Strasbourg which grew from it celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1988. The fertile area in the [[Upper Rhine Plain]] between the rivers [[Ill (France)|Ill]] and [[Rhine]] had already been populated since the [[Middle Paleolithic]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Musée Archéologique - Strasbourg De la Préhistoire au Moyen-Âge en Alsace |url=http://www.hominides.com/html/lieux/musee-archeologie-strasbourg.php |website=Hominidés.com |access-date=17 July 2017 |archive-date=5 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705055718/http://www.hominides.com/html/lieux/musee-archeologie-strasbourg.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Du Paléolithique au Néolithique |url=https://www.musees.strasbourg.eu/du-paleolithique-au-neolithique |publisher=Musées de la ville de Strasbourg |access-date=29 January 2019 |archive-date=3 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903215155/https://www.musees.strasbourg.eu/du-paleolithique-au-neolithique |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Between 362 and 1262, Strasbourg was governed by the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg|bishops of Strasbourg]]; their rule was reinforced in 873 and then more in 982.<ref>{{cite web |title=Les temps de l'histoire de Strasbourg |url=https://archives.strasbourg.eu/n/les-temps-de-l-histoire-de-strasbourg/n:106 |publisher=Archives de la ville et de l'Eurométropole de Strasbourg |access-date=17 July 2017 |archive-date=12 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612000548/https://archives.strasbourg.eu/n/les-temps-de-l-histoire-de-strasbourg/n:106 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1262, the citizens violently rebelled against the bishop's rule ([[Battle of Hausbergen]]) and Strasbourg became a [[free imperial city]]. It became a French city in 1681, after the conquest of Alsace by the armies of [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]]. In 1871, after the [[Franco-Prussian War]], the city, as part of the [[Imperial Territory of Alsace–Lorraine]], became German again, until 1918 (end of [[World War I]]), when it reverted to France. Strasbourg was captured by the [[Wehrmacht|German army]] in June 1940 at the end of the [[Battle of France]] ([[World War II]]), and subsequently came under German control again through formal annexation into the [[Gau Baden]]-Elsaß under the Nazi Gauleiter [[Robert Heinrich Wagner|Robert Wagner]]; since the liberation of the city by the [[2nd Armored Division (France)|2nd French Armoured Division]] under [[General officer|General]] [[Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque|Leclerc]] in November 1944, it has again been a French city. In 2016, Strasbourg was promoted from capital of [[Alsace]] to capital of [[Grand Est]].

Strasbourg played an important part in the [[Reformation|Protestant Reformation]], with personalities such as [[John Calvin]], [[Martin Bucer]], [[Wolfgang Capito]], [[Matthew Zell|Matthew]] and [[Katharina Zell]], but also in other aspects of Christianity such as [[German mysticism]], with [[Johannes Tauler]], [[Pietism]], with [[Philipp Spener]], and [[Reverence for Life]], with [[Albert Schweitzer]]. Delegates from the city took part in the [[Protestation at Speyer]]. It was also one of the first centres of the printing industry with pioneers such as [[Johannes Gutenberg]], [[Johannes Mentelin]], and [[Heinrich Eggestein]]. Among the darkest periods in the city's long history were the years 1349 ([[Strasbourg massacre]]), 1518 ([[Dancing plague of 1518|Dancing plague]]), 1793 ([[Reign of Terror]]), 1870 ([[Siege of Strasbourg]]) and the years 1940–1944 with the Nazi occupation (atrocities such as the [[Jewish skull collection]]) and the British and American [[Strategic bombing during World War II|bombing raids]]. Some other notable dates were the years 357 ([[Battle of Strasbourg|Battle of Argentoratum]]), 842 ([[Oaths of Strasbourg]]), 1538 (establishment of [[University of Strasbourg|the university]]), 1605 (world's first newspaper printed by [[Johann Carolus]]), 1792 ({{Lang|fr|[[La Marseillaise]]|italic=no}}), and 1889 (pancreatic origin of [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes]] discovered by [[Oskar Minkowski|Minkowski]] and [[Joseph von Mering|Von Mering]]).

Strasbourg has been the seat of [[European institutions in Strasbourg|European institutions]] since 1949: first of the [[International Commission on Civil Status]] and of the [[Council of Europe]], later of the [[European Parliament]], of the [[European Science Foundation]], of [[Eurocorps]], and others as well.