Editing Steve Mann (inventor) (section)

== Career ==
Mann is a [[tenure]]d [[full professor]] at the [[University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering|Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering]], with cross-appointments to the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and Faculty of Forestry at the [[University of Toronto]], and is a [[Professional Engineer]] licensed through Professional Engineers Ontario.

=== Ideas and inventions ===
[[File:SteveMann_SequantialWaveImprintingMachine.gif|thumb|Mann with three of his inventions: [[EyeTap]] Digital Eye Glass, Smartwatch, and SWIM (Sequential Wave Imprinting Machine) phenomenological [[augmented reality]].]]
Many of Mann's inventions pertain to the field of [[computational photography]].
*[[Chirplet transform]], 1991: Mann was the first to propose and [[Reduction to practice|reduce to practice]] a signal representation based on a family of chirp signals, each associated with a coefficient, in a generalization of the wavelet transform that is now referred to as the chirplet transform.
*"Digital Eye Glass," "Eye Glass," "Glass Eye," or "Glass", 1978: a device that, when worn, causes the human eye itself to effectively become both an electronic camera and a television display.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://techland.time.com/2012/11/02/eye-am-a-camera-surveillance-and-sousveillance-in-the-glassage/|title=Eye Am a Camera: Surveillance and Sousveillance in the Glassage|first=Steve|last=Mann|date=November 2012|magazine=TIME}}</ref>
*[[Comparametric equation]]s, 1993: Mann was the first to propose and implement an algorithm to estimate a camera's response function from a plurality of differently exposed images of the same subject matter. He was also the first to propose and implement an algorithm to automatically extend dynamic range in an image by combining multiple differently exposed pictures of the same subject matter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wearcam.org/comparam.htm|title=Comparametric Equations|publisher=Wearable Computing and Interaction Design|access-date=2007-08-03}}</ref><ref>{{patent|US|5706416|"Method and apparatus for relating and combining multiple images of the same scene or object(s)"}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eyetap.org/publications|title="Compositing Multiple Pictures of the Same Scene", Proceedings of the 46th Annual Imaging Science & Technology Conference, May 9–14, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1993|access-date=2007-10-07|archive-date=2007-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114113109/http://www.eyetap.org/publications/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[High-dynamic-range imaging]] (HDR): "The first report of digitally combining multiple pictures of the same scene to improve dynamic range appears to be Mann." (Robertson et al.)<ref>{{cite journal |title=Estimation-theoretic approach to dynamic range enhancement using multiple exposures |last1=Robertson |display-authors=etal |journal= Journal of Electronic Imaging|year=2003 |volume=12 |issue=2 |page=220, right column, line 26|doi=10.1117/1.1557695 |bibcode=2003JEI....12..219R }}</ref> Mann's work on wearable computing was motivated by his early computer vision systems that helped people see better (e.g. while welding, or in other high-dynamic range situations, with dynamic range management, overlays, and augmentation as well as diminishment in both the additive and subtractive sense).<ref name="Quantigraphic Father of AR">{{cite web|url=http://www.slashgear.com/quantigraphic-camera-promises-hdr-eyesight-from-father-of-ar-12246941/|title=Quantigraphic camera promises HDR eyesight from Father of AR|first=Chris|last=Davies|website=Slashgear.com|date=2012-09-12|access-date=2012-12-30}}</ref>
*[[Hydraulophone]]: Mann invented an [[experimental musical instrument]] that uses pressurized hydraulic fluid, such as water, to make sound. The instrument is played by placing the fingers in direct contact with the sound-producing [[hydraulic fluid]], thus giving the musician a high degree of control over the musical expression in the sound.<ref name="Mann2006">{{cite conference |last1=Mann |first1=Steve |last2=Janzen |first2=Ryan |last3=Post |first3=Mark |date=2006 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221571192 |title=Hydraulophone Design Considerations: Absement, Displacement, and Velocity-Sensitive Music Keyboard in which each key is a Water Jet |book-title=Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimedia |conference=MM'06 |pages=519–528 |citeseerx=10.1.1.131.2778 |doi=10.1145/1180639.1180751 |isbn=978-1-59593-447-5 |s2cid=14740177 |id={{QID |30473775}} |access-date=2007-08-03}}</ref>
*Integral kinematics and integral kinesiology: principles of negative derivatives (integrals) of displacement, such as [[absement]] (the area under the displacement-time curve), as embodied by hydraulophones (water-based instruments).<ref name="Mann2006"/> This work has been built upon by others, and also forms the basis for a new way of understanding electrical engineering.<ref>Memory Elements: A Paradigm Shift in Lagrangian Modeling of Electrical Circuits {{arxiv|1201.1032}}</ref> See also Mann's 2014 paper, "Integral Kinematics (Time‐Integrals of Distance, Energy, etc.) and Integral Kinesiology."<ref>"Integral Kinematics (Time‐Integrals of Distance, Energy, etc.) and Integral Kinesiology", by Steve Mann, Ryan Janzen, Mir Adnan Ali, Pete Scourboutakos, and Nitin Guleria, in Proceedings of the IEEE GEM2014, pp 627-629, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 22–24, 2014</ref>
*[[Natural user interface]]: In the 1980s and '90s, Mann developed a number of user-interface strategies using natural interaction with the real world as an alternative to a [[command-line interface]] (CLI) or [[graphical user interface]] (GUI). Mann referred to this work as "Natural User Interfaces", "Direct User Interfaces", and "Metaphor-Free Computing"<ref>Intelligent Image Processing, John Wiley and Sons, 2001</ref>
* [[Scratch input]], an acoustic-based method of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) that takes advantage of the characteristic sound produced when a finger nail, stick, or other object strikes or is dragged over a surface, such as a table or wall.
*[[Sensory Singularity]], together with [[Marvin Minsky]] and [[Ray Kurzweil]], Mann proposed the theory of the "Sensularity" Sensory [[technological singularity|Singularity]] and cyborg-logging.
*[[Surveilluminescent wand]]: a device for visualizing vision and seeing sight, by way of making visible the sightfield (time-reversed lightfield) of a camera or similar computer vision sensor, using time-exposure with array of surveilluminescent lights to make visible to one camera what another camera can see.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mann |first1=Steve |title=The Sightfield: Visualizing Computer Vision, and Seeing Its Capacity to "See" (Keynote Address) |journal=IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) |date=June 2014 |pages=618–623 |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=f4f2f7a1861d667f068f89eccf99793033851c9c |publisher=IEEE |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124161826/https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=f4f2f7a1861d667f068f89eccf99793033851c9c |archivedate=November 24, 2023}}</ref>
*[[Telepointer]] and [[SixthSense]], a wearable computer based on a pendant that contains a webcam and laser-based infinite depth-of-focus projector, and related technologies for [[gesture recognition|gesture-based]] wearable computing systems.
*[[Video Orbits]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wearcam.org/orbits |title=High-resolution stills and environment maps from video using the projective group of coordinate transformations |website=Wearcam.org}}</ref> 1993: Mann was the first to produce an algorithm for automatically combining multiple pictures of the same subject matter, using algebraic projective geometry, to "stitch together" images using automatically estimated perspective correction. This is called the "Video Orbits" algorithm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wearcam.org/orbits.htm|title=Video Orbits of the Projective Group|publisher=[[EyeTap]]|access-date=2007-08-03|archive-date=2008-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080701014818/http://www.eyetap.org/research/wearables/wearcomp/orbits/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{patent|US|5828793|"Method and apparatus for producing digital images having extended dynamic ranges"}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eyetap.org/publications|title="Virtual bellows: constructing high-quality images from video.", In Proceedings of the IEEE First International Conference on Image Processing|location=Austin, Texas|date=November 16, 1994|website=Eyetap.org|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725161931/http://eyetap.org/publications/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Surveilluminescent Lights in Motion handwash faucets 03.jpg|thumb|Surveilluminescent wand: When moved through space in a long-exposure photograph, it makes the sightfield of a surveillance camera visible.]]

Mann also works in the fields of [[computer-mediated reality]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://veillance.me/committee|title=Committee of IEEE ISTAS – Social Implications of Living in a SmartWorld|access-date=2012-11-08}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He is a strong advocate of [[privacy]] rights, for which work he was an award recipient of the Chalmers Foundation in the fine arts. His work also extends to the area of [[sousveillance]] (a term he coined for "inverse surveillance"). Mann and one of his PhD students, James Fung, together with some of his other students, have been building a cyborg community around the cyborg-logging concept.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://glogger.mobi/about.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012201531/http://glogger.mobi/about.php|url-status=usurped|archive-date=2007-10-12|title=About Us|website=Glogger.mobi|access-date=2012-07-23}}</ref>
* Mann, together with Professor [[Ian Kerr (academic)|Ian Kerr]] at the University of Ottawa, has written extensively on surveillance, [[sousveillance]], and [[equiveillance]]. "Sousveillance," a term coined by Mann, along with the concepts that he and Kerr have developed around these ideas, have created a new dialog for cyborg technologies, as well as related personal information gathering technologies like camera phones. He has created the related concept of [[humanistic intelligence]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mann |first=S. |date=May–June 2001 |title=Wearable computing:toward humanistic intelligence |journal=Intelligent Systems |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=10–15 |url= http://wearcam.org/ieeeis/ieeeis_intro.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://wearcam.org/ieeeis/ieeeis_intro.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|doi=10.1109/5254.940020 |citeseerx=10.1.1.62.4991 }}</ref>
* In 2003, [[Joi Ito]] credited Mann with having initiated the moblogging movement by creating a system for transmission of realtime pictures, video, and text. In particular, from 1994 to 1996, Mann continuously transmitted his life's experiences, in real time, to his website for others to experience, interact with, and respond to.<ref>{{cite web|title=Joi Ito's Moblogging, Blogmapping and Moblogmapping related resources as of 6/10/2003|first=Joi|last=Ito|author-link=Joi Ito|quote=February 1995 – wearcam.org as roving reporter Steve Mann (under 'about moblogging')|url=http://radio.weblogs.com/0114939/outlines/moblog.html|access-date=2007-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621072711/http://radio.weblogs.com/0114939/outlines/moblog.html|archive-date=2007-06-21|url-status=dead}}</ref>

His CyborGLOGS ('glogs), such as the spontaneous reporting of news as everyday experience,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wearcam.org/eastcampusfire.htm|title=wearcam.org as roving reporter; (c) Steve Mann, Feb. 1995|access-date=2007-08-03}}</ref> were an early predecessor of 'blogs and the concept of blogging, and earlier than that, his pre-internet-era live streaming of personal documentary and cyborg communities defined cyborg-logging as a new form of social networking.

=== Anonequity project ===
Mann is currently collaborating with a number of researchers including Ian Kerr, [[Canada Research Chair]] in Ethics, Law & Technology, University of Ottawa, who teaches a course on "Cyborg Law" that uses Mann's book.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wearcam.org/glaw.htm|title=Cyborg Law Course|publisher=Wearable Computing and Interaction Design|access-date=2012-07-23}}</ref> Mann, together with Kerr and others, are doing an [[SSHRC]]-funded project to study the Ethics, Law & Technology of anonymity, authentication, [[surveillance]], and [[sousveillance]], in addition to issues related to cyborg-law. The anonequity project is ongoing, and collaborator Kerr has also researched and lectured widely on implantable technologies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idtrail.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=212&Itemid=43|title=Co-investigators & collaborators|publisher=On the Identity Trail|access-date=2012-07-23|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517131005/http://www.idtrail.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=212&Itemid=43|archive-date=2012-05-17}}</ref>