Editing Starch (section)

==History==
Starch grains from the [[rhizome]]s of ''[[Typha]]'' (cattails, bullrushes) as [[flour]] have been identified from [[grinding stone]]s in Europe dating back to 30,000 years ago.<ref name="Revedin">{{cite journal |doi=10.1073/pnas.1006993107 |title=Thirty thousand-year-old evidence of plant food processing |date=2010 |last1=Revedin |first1=A. |last2=Aranguren |first2=B. |last3=Becattini |first3=R. |last4=Longo |first4=L. |last5=Marconi |first5=E. |last6=Lippi |first6=M. M. |last7=Skakun |first7=N. |last8=Sinitsyn |first8=A. |last9=Spiridonova |first9=E. |last10=Svoboda |first10=J. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=107 |issue=44 |pmid=20956317 |pages=18815–9 |pmc=2973873|display-authors=8 |bibcode=2010PNAS..10718815R |doi-access=free }}</ref> Starch grains from [[sorghum]] were found on grind stones in caves in [[Ngalue]], [[Mozambique]] dating up to 100,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Telegraph|title=Porridge was eaten 100,000 years ago|date=18 Dec 2009|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/6834609/Porridge-was-eaten-100000-years-ago.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/6834609/Porridge-was-eaten-100000-years-ago.html |archive-date=2022-01-11 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Pure extracted wheat starch paste was used in [[Ancient Egypt]], possibly to glue [[papyrus]].<ref>[[Pliny the Elder]], The ''[[Natural History (Pliny)]]'', Book XIII, Chapter 26, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137&query=head%3D%23817 The paste used in preparation of paper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514073439/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137&redirect=true |date=2022-05-14 }}</ref> The extraction of starch is first described in the ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]'' of [[Pliny the Elder]] around 77–79 [[Common Era|CE]].<ref>[[Pliny the Elder]], The [[Natural History (Pliny)]], Book XIII, Chapter 17, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D18%3Achapter%3D17] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206042052/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D18%3Achapter%3D17|date=2021-02-06}}</ref> Romans used it also in [[Cosmetics|cosmetic]] creams, to powder the hair and to [[Thickening agent|thicken]] sauces. Persians and Indians used it to make dishes similar to gothumai wheat [[halva]]. Rice starch as surface treatment of paper has been used in paper production in China since 700 CE.<ref>{{cite book |first=Dard |last=Hunter |date=1947 |title=Papermaking |publisher=DoverPublications |isbn=978-0-486-23619-3 |page=194}}</ref> In the mid eighth century production of paper that was [[wikt:sized|sized]] with wheat starch started in the Arabic world.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v05/bp05-11.html|title=A Brief Review of the History of Sizing and Resizing Practices|first=Karen|last=Garlick|magazine=The Book and Paper Group Annual|volume=5|year=1986|publisher=Book and Paper Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works}}</ref> Laundry starch was first described in England in the beginning of the 15th century and was essential to make 16th century [[Ruff (clothing)|ruffed collars]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oldandinteresting.com/laundry-starch-history.aspx|title=History of starching fabric, Laundry starch: from medieval luxury to Victorian mass market|website=Old & Interesting|date=21 July 2010|access-date=30 March 2024}}</ref>