Editing Starbucks (section)

=== 20th century ===
==== 1970s ====
Starbucks originally opened in Seattle, Washington, on March 30, 1971.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.starbucks.ph/coffeehouse/store-design/1st-and-pike | title=1st And Pike | work=Starbucks Coffee Company | publisher=Starbucks | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325110527/https://www.starbucks.com/coffeehouse/store-design/1st-and-pike | archive-date=March 25, 2019}}</ref> By selling high-quality [[coffee bean]]s and equipments related, Starbucks became a local coffee bean retailer for the first ten years in Seattle.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chuang |first=Hui-Jung |date=December 1, 2019 |title=Starbucks in the World |journal=HOLISTICA – Journal of Business and Public Administration |language=en |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=99–110 |doi=10.2478/hjbpa-2019-0031|s2cid=209379116 |doi-access=free |issn = 2067-9785}}</ref> It was founded by business partners [[Jerry Baldwin]], [[Zev Siegl]] and [[Gordon Bowker]] who first met as students at the [[University of San Francisco]]:<ref>{{cite book | title=Time Out Guide San Francisco | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=esY90CkrXbYC | year=2011 | publisher=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] | isbn=978-1-84670-220-4}}</ref> The trio were inspired to sell high-quality coffee beans and equipment by coffee roasting entrepreneur [[Alfred Peet]].<ref name="Pren2523">Pendergrast, pp. 252–53</ref> Bowker recalls that a business partner of his, Terry Heckler, thought words beginning with the letters "st" were powerful, leading the founders to create a list of words beginning with "st", hoping to find a brand name. They chose "Starbo", a mining town in the [[Cascade Range]] and from there, the group remembered "Starbuck", the name of the [[chief mate]] in the book ''[[Moby-Dick]].''<ref name="gotitsname">{{cite news | url=https://blog.seattlepi.com/thebigblog/2012/06/29/how-starbucks-got-its-name/ | title=How Starbucks got its name – Seattle's Big Blog | first=Amy | last=Rolph | work=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] | date=June 29, 2012 | access-date=April 19, 2021 | archive-date=April 19, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419035116/https://blog.seattlepi.com/thebigblog/2012/06/29/how-starbucks-got-its-name/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Bowker said, "''Moby-Dick'' didn't have anything to do with Starbucks directly; it was only coincidental that the sound seemed to make sense''.''"<ref name="gotitsname" /><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/starbucks-co-founder-talks-about-early-days-launching-redhook-and-seattle-weekly-too/ | title=Starbucks co-founder talks about early days, launching Redhook and Seattle Weekly, too | last=Allison | first=Melissa | work=[[The Seattle Times]] | date=March 9, 2008}}</ref>

The first Starbucks store was located in Seattle, at 2000 Western Avenue, from 1971 to 1976. The café was later moved to 1912 Pike Place.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_h-MvFHAMOIC&pg=PA135 | title=Pacific Northwest. | last1=Brewer | first1=Stephen | last2=Brissenden | first2=Constance | last3=Carmin | first3=Anita | publisher=[[DK (publisher)|Dorling Kindersley]] | year=2012 | isbn=9781405370813 | location=[[London]] | pages=135– | oclc=795852938}}</ref> During this time, Starbucks stores sold just coffee beans and not drinks.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.historylink.org/File/20292 | title=Starbucks: The Early Years | first=Sheila | last=Farr | publisher=[[HistoryLink]] | date=February 15, 2017}}</ref> In its first two years of operation, Starbucks purchased green coffee beans from [[Peet's Coffee & Tea]]. In 1973, Alfred Peet stopped supplying Starbucks and helped train their new Roastmaster, Jim Reynolds.<ref name="peets.com">{{cite web |title=The History of Peet's Coffee {{!}} Peet's Coffee |url=https://www.peets.com/blogs/peets/the-history-of-peets-coffee |access-date=December 1, 2021 |website=www.peets.com |language=en}}</ref>

==== 1980s ====
In 1984, the original owners of Starbucks, led by [[Jerry Baldwin]], purchased [[Peet's Coffee]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.berkeleyside.com/2012/07/23/peets-founded-in-berkeley-acquired-in-germany | title=Peet's: Founded in Berkeley, acquired in Germany | first=Lance | last=Knobel | work=[[Berkeleyside]] | date=July 23, 2012}}</ref> By 1986, the company was operating six stores in Seattle and had begun to sell [[espresso]] coffee.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 7, 1987 |title=Starbucks Coffee Co. Sold |url=https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/starbucks-coffee-co-sold_19870607.html |via=[[The Journal of Commerce]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/02/garden/americans-wake-up-and-smell-the-coffee.html | title=Americans Wake Up and Smell the Coffee | last=Fabricant | first=Florence | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=September 2, 1992 | url-access=subscription | issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In 1987, the original owners sold the Starbucks chain to their former director of marketing [[Howard Schultz]], who rebranded his Il Giornale coffee outlets as Starbucks and began to expand the company.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.starbucks.com/about-us/company-information/starbucks-company-timeline | title=Starbucks Company Timeline | publisher=Starbucks}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://stories.starbucks.com/stories/2018/howard-schultz-and-starbucks-25-moments-to-remember/ | title=Howard Schultz and Starbucks: 25 moments to remember | first=Heidi | last=Peiper | work=Starbucks | date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> Also in 1987, Starbucks opened its first locations outside of Seattle, in [[Waterfront Station (Vancouver)|Waterfront Station]] in [[Vancouver]], British Columbia, and in [[Chicago]], Illinois.<ref name="tele40" />

By 1989, there were 46 Starbucks stores located across the [[Pacific Northwest]] and [[Midwest]], and the company was roasting more than {{convert|2000000|lb|kg|0}} of coffee annually.

==== 1990s ====
In June 1992, at the time of its [[initial public offering]], Starbucks (ticker symbol: SBUX) had 140 outlets, with revenue of US$73.5 million, up from US$1.3 million in 1987. The company's market value was US$271 million by this time.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Jeremy | last=Bowman | title=If You Had Invested $1,000 in Starbucks' IPO, Here's How Much You'd Have Today | url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2020/01/16/if-you-had-invested-1000-in-starbucks-ipo-heres-ho.aspx | work=[[The Motley Fool]] | date=January 16, 2020}}</ref> The 12% portion of the company that was sold raised around US$25 million for the company, which enabled it to double its number of stores over the next two years.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/7-fun-facts-about-starbucks-honor-its-ipos-25th-anniversary-2017-06-26 | title=7 Fun Facts about Starbucks In Honour of Its IPO's 25th Anniversary | via=[[Nasdaq]] | date=June 26, 2017}}</ref>

In 1994, Starbucks acquired [[The Coffee Connection]], gaining the rights to use, make, market, and sell the "[[Frappuccino]]" beverage.<ref name="chilly">{{cite news | last=Nanos | first=Janelle | title=The Story of the Frappuccino: How a chilly coffee drink became a billion-dollar behemoth | url=https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2012/12/07/frappuccino-history/ | work=[[Boston Magazine]] | date=December 7, 2012}}</ref> The beverage was introduced under the Starbucks name in 1995.

In 1999, Starbucks experimented by opening eateries in the [[San Francisco Bay Area]], under the Circadia restaurant brand.<ref name="circadia" /> At the same time, Starbucks converted its Seattle Circadia restaurant into a Café Starbucks.<ref name="circadia">{{cite news | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/1999/10/18/newscolumn3.html | title=Starbucks still seeking a rhythm for Circadia | last=Tice | first=Carol | work=[[American City Business Journals]] | date=October 15, 1999}}</ref>

In 1999, Starbucks acquired Pasqua Coffee—a [[San Francisco]]-based retail coffee chain that had almost 60 locations in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and New York City.<ref name="Clark">
{{cite book|last = Clark|first = Taylor|title = Starbucked: A Double Tall Tale of Caffeine, Commerce, and Culture|url = https://archive.org/details/starbuckeddouble00clar|url-access = registration|publisher = Little, Brown and Company|year = 2007|isbn = 978-0-316026-13-0}}</ref>