Editing Soyuz programme (section)

==Soyuz spacecraft==
{{main|Soyuz (spacecraft)}}
The basic [[Soyuz spacecraft]] design was the basis for many projects, many of which were never developed. Its earliest form was intended to travel to the Moon without employing a huge booster like the [[Saturn V]] or the Soviet [[N1 rocket|N-1]] by repeatedly docking with upper stages that had been put in orbit using the same rocket as the Soyuz. This and the initial civilian designs were done under the Soviet Chief Designer [[Sergei Korolev|Sergei Pavlovich Korolev]], who did not live to see the craft take flight. Several military derivatives took precedence in the Soviet design process, though they never came to pass.

A Soyuz spacecraft consists of three parts (from front to back):
*a spheroid [[orbital module]]
*a small aerodynamic [[reentry module]]
*a cylindrical [[service module]] with solar panels attached

There have been many variants of the Soyuz spacecraft, including:
* [[Sever (spacecraft)|Sever]] early crewed spacecraft proposal to replace Vostok (1959) 
**[[Sever (spacecraft)#Designated Sever proposals|L1-1960]] crewed circumlunar spacecraft proposal (1960); evolved into the Soyuz-A design
**[[Sever (spacecraft)#Designated Sever proposals|L4-1960]] crewed lunar orbiter proposal (1960)
**[[Sever (spacecraft)#Designated Sever proposals|L1-1962]] crewed lunar flyby spacecraft proposal (1962); early design led to Soyuz
**[[Sever (spacecraft)#OS-1962 space station|OS-1962]] space station proposal (1962)
* [[Soyuz-A]] 7K-9K-11K circumlunar complex proposal (1963)
** [[Soyuz-A|Soyuz 7K]] crewed spacecraft concept; cancelled in 1964 in favor of the [[LK-1]]
** [[Soyuz-B|Soyuz 9K]] proposed orbital tug; cancelled in 1964 when the Soyuz 7K and Soyuz P were cancelled
** [[Soyuz-V|Soyuz 11K]] proposed fuel tanker; cancelled in 1964 when the Soyuz 7K and Soyuz P were cancelled
* [[L3-1963]] crewed lunar lander proposal (1963)
* [[L4-1963]] crewed lunar orbiter proposal; modified 7K (1963)
* [[Soyuz 7K-OK]] (1967–1970)
** [[Soyuz 7K-L1]] Zond (1967–1970)
** [[Soyuz 7K-LOK|Soyuz 7K-L3]] LOK (1971–1972)
** [[Soyuz 7K-OKS]] (1971); also known as 7KT-OK
* [[Soyuz 7K-T]] or "ferry" (1973–1981)
**[[Soyuz 7K-T-AF]] (1973); 7K-T modified for space station flight with Orion 2 space telescope
** [[Soyuz 7K-T|Soyuz 7K-T/A9]] (1974–1978); 7K-T modified for flights to military Almaz space stations
* [[Soyuz 7K-TM]] (1974–1976)
** [[Soyuz 7K-MF6|7K-MF6]] (1976); 7K-TM modified for space station flight with MKF-6 camera
* [[Soyuz-T]] (1976–1986)
* [[Zarya (space capsule)|Zarya]] planned 'Super Soyuz' replacement for Soyuz and Progress (1985)
** [[Alpha Lifeboat]] rescue spacecraft based on Zarya (1995); cancelled in favor of a modified Soyuz TM
** [[Big Soyuz]] enlarged version of Soyuz reentry vehicle (2008)
* [[Soyuz-TM]] (1986–2003)
* [[Soyuz TMA]] (2003–2012)
* [[CSTS|Soyuz-ACTS]] (2006)
* [[Soyuz TMA#TMA-M|Soyuz TMA-M]] (2010–2016)
* [[Soyuz MS]] (since 2016)
* [[Military Soyuz]] (P, PPK, R, 7K-VI Zvezda, and OIS)
** [[Soyuz P]] crewed satellite interceptor proposal (1962); cancelled in 1964 in favor of the [[Istrebitel Sputnikov]] program
** [[Military Soyuz#Soyuz R|Soyuz R]] command-reconnaissance spacecraft proposal (1962); cancelled in 1966 and replaced by Almaz
*** [[File:Soyuz rocket and spaceship V1-1.svg|thumb|The Soyuz MS spacecraft and its Soyuz FG rocket|351x351px]][[Soyuz 7K-TK]] transport spacecraft proposal for delivering cosmonauts to Soyuz R military stations (1966); cancelled in 1970 in favor of the TKS spacecraft
** [[Military Soyuz#Soyuz PPK|Soyuz PPK]] revised version of Soyuz P (1964)
** [[Soyuz 7K-VI Zvezda]] space station proposal (1964) 
** [[Soyuz-VI]] crewed combat spacecraft proposal; cancelled in 1965
** [[Military Soyuz#OIS (Orbital Research Station)|Soyuz OIS]] (1967)
*** [[Military Soyuz#Soyuz OB-VI|Soyuz OB-VI]] space station proposal (1967)
*** [[Military Soyuz#Soyuz 7K-S|Soyuz 7K-S]] military transport proposal (1974)
*** [[Military Soyuz#Soyuz 7K-ST|Soyuz 7K-ST]] concept for Soyuz T and TM (1974)