Editing Social control (section)

==Informal control==

===Social values===
Social values are result of an individual internalizing certain norms and values.<ref>{{cite web |title=Informal Social Control |url=http://oer2go.org/mods/en-boundless/www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/socialization-4/learning-personality-morality-and-emotions-45/informal-social-control-280-9602/index.html |website=Boundless |publisher=Boundless Sociology |access-date=18 April 2019}}</ref> Social values present in individuals are products of informal social control, exercised implicitly by a society through particular [[customs]], [[social norm|norms]], and [[mores]]. Individuals internalize the values of their society, whether conscious or not of the indoctrination. [[Traditional values|Traditional society]] relies mostly on informal social control embedded in its customary [[culture]] to socialize its members. The internalization of these values and norms is known as a process called [[socialization]]. 

Sociologist [[Edward A. Ross]] argues that [[belief]] systems exert a greater control on human behavior than laws imposed by government, no matter what form the beliefs take.<ref name="Ross">Ross, E.A. 2009 (1901). [http://www.transactionpub.com/title/-978-1-4128-1028-9.html ''Social Control: Control A Survey of the Foundations of Order'']. Piscataway, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.</ref>

===Sanctions===
Informal sanctions may include [[shame]], [[Appeal to ridicule|ridicule]], [[sarcasm]], [[criticism]], and disapproval, which can cause an individual to stray towards the social norms of the society. In extreme cases sanctions may include social [[discrimination]] and [[social exclusion|exclusion]]. Informal social control usually has more effect on individuals because the social values become [[Internalization (psychology)|internalized]], thus becoming an aspect of the individual's [[Personality psychology|personality]].<ref>Holland G., Skinner B. F. ''The Analysis of behaviour (The autoinstructing program)''. McGraw-Hill N. Y., 1961, Lesson 33.</ref>

===Reward and punishment===
{{See also|Mesolimbic pathway|Reward system}}

Informal controls reward or [[Punishment|punish]] acceptable or unacceptable behavior (i.e., [[deviance (sociology)|deviance]]) and are varied from individual to individual, group to group, and society to society. For example, at a [[Women's Institutes (British)|Women's Institute]] meeting, a disapproving look might convey the message that it is inappropriate to flirt with the minister. In a [[Organized crime|criminal gang]], on the other hand, a stronger sanction applies in the case of someone threatening to inform to the police of illegal activity.<ref>{{Citation
  | last = Livesay
  | first = Chris
  | title = Informal Social Control
  | work = Culture and Identity
  | publisher = Sociology Central
  | url = http://www.sociology.org.uk/p2s5an4.htm
  | access-date =  2007-09-08}}</ref>

Social control by use of reward is known as [[positive reinforcement]]. In society and the laws and regulations implemented by the government tend to focus on punishment or the enforcing negative sanctions to act as a deterrent as means of social control.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grabosky |first1=P.N. |title=Regulation by Reward: On the Use of Incentives as Regulatory Instruments |journal=Law & Policy |date=July 1995 |volume=17 |issue=3 |page=257 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9930.1995.tb00150.x }}</ref>

===Theoretical bias within the modern media===
Theorists such as [[Noam Chomsky]] have argued that [[systemic bias]] exists in the modern media.<ref>{{Citation
  | last1 = Chomsky
  | first1 = Noam
  | last2 = Herman
  | first2 = Edward
  | title = Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media
  | place= New York
  | publisher = Pantheon
  | year = 1988
  | isbn =978-0-679-72034-8}}</ref> The [[marketing]], [[advertising]], and [[public relations]] industries have thus been said to utilize [[mass communication]]s to aid the interests of certain political and business elites. Powerful ideological, economic and religious [[lobbyists]] have often used school systems and centralized electronic communications to influence [[public opinion]].