Editing Slave name (section)

== Middle East ==
{{See also|History of slavery in the Muslim world}}

By Islamic law, non-Muslim foreigners ([[kafir]]) were by definition legitimate targets for enslavement, since the Muslim world of [[Dar al-islam|dar al-Islam]] was by definition at war with the non-Muslim world of [[dar al-harb]] ("House of War"), and non-Muslim war captives were legitimate to enslave.<ref>Erdem, Y. Hakan. Slavery in the Ottoman Empire and its Demise, 1800–1909. London: Macmillan Press, 1996.</ref>
After capture, non-Muslim slaves were normally converted to Islam and given a new name. 

In the [[Ottoman Imperial Harem]] during the era of [[slavery in the Ottoman Empire]], for example, the new [[cariye]] slave girls and [[Concubinage in Islam|concubin]]es (sex slaves) were upon arrival customarily converted to Islam and given a new name, typically a Persian or Turkish name signifying the name of a flower or a bird, such as for example ''Nilüfer'' ('water lily').<ref>Peirce, L. P. (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Storbritannien: Oxford University Press. p.35</ref> Since a person in Ottoman society was normally referred to by the name of their father after their personal name, female slaves, whose fathers where unknown and not Muslims, were given a paternal name associated with God, normally Abdallah: according to preserved records, 97 percent of female palace slaves at the Ottoman Imperial Harem were named ''bint'' ('daughter of') ''Abdallah''.<ref>Argit, B. İ. (2020). Life After the Harem: Female Palace Slaves, Patronage and the Imperial Ottoman Court. Storbritannien: Cambridge University Press. p.67</ref>

Example of this were [[Gülbahar Hatun (mother of Selim I)]]. The discovery of inscriptions (''vakfiye'') and others documents, where she was called ''Ayşe Gülbahar bint Abdüllah'', proves that she had Christian slave origins, since this is the traditional slave name by which slaves who converted to Islam were indicated.<ref name="gülbahar">{{cite book|author=Necdet Sakaoğlu|author-link=:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=%C3%82i%C5%9Fe+H%C3%A2tun+binti|publisher=Oğlak publications|year=2008|page=136|isbn=978-975-329-623-6}} (''Gülbahar binti Abdüssamed'' was the [[Ottoman Sultan]] [[Bayezid II]]'s eighth wife who had been sent to join his son [[Selim I]], the governor of [[Trebizond Eyalet]]).</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.enfal.de/otarih44.htm|title=Consorts Of Ottoman Sultans (in Turkish)|publisher = Ottoman Web Page}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book|author=Anthony Dolphin Alderson|title=The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wj64AAAAIAAJ&q=The+Structure+of+the+Ottoman+Dynasty|year=1956|publisher=Clarendon Press}}</ref><ref name="leslie">{{cite book|author=Leslie P. Peirce|title=The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6-VRgVzRcUC|year=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=106–107|isbn=978-0-19-508677-5}}</ref>