Editing Siboglinidae (section)

==Evolution==
The family Siboglinidae has been difficult to place in an evolutionary context.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0016309|title=New Perspectives on the Ecology and Evolution of Siboglinid Tubeworms|year=2011|editor1-last=Laudet|editor1-first=Vincent|last1=Hilário|first1=Ana|last2=Capa|first2=María|last3=Dahlgren|first3=Thomas G.|last4=Halanych|first4=Kenneth M.|last5=Little|first5=Crispin T. S.|last6=Thornhill|first6=Daniel J.|last7=Verna|first7=Caroline|last8=Glover|first8=Adrian G.|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=2|pages=e16309|pmid=21339826|pmc=3038861|bibcode=2011PLoSO...616309H|doi-access=free}}</ref> After examination of genetic differences between annelids, Siboglinidae were placed within the order [[Polychaeta]] by scientific consensus.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-7-57|title=Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura|year=2007 |last1=Struck |first1=T. H. |last2=Schult |first2=N. |last3=Kusen |first3=T. |last4=Hickman |first4=E. |last5=Bleidorn |first5=C. |last6=McHugh |first6=D. |last7=Halanych |first7=K. M. |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=7|pages=57|pmid=17411434|pmc=1855331 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The fossil record along with [[molecular clock]]s suggest the family has [[Mesozoic]] (250 – 66 Mya) or [[Cenozoic]] (66 Mya – recent) origins.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> However, some fossils of crystallized tubes are attributed to early Siboglinidae dating back to 500 Mya.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> The oldest definitive specimens referred to the family came from Early Jurassic ([[Pliensbachian]]-[[Toarcian]]) [[Figueroa Sulfide]] deposits from [[San Rafael Mountains]], found to be similar to modern ''[[Ridgeia]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=LITTLE |first1=CRISPIN T. S. |last2=DANELIAN |first2=TANIEL |last3=HERRINGTON |first3=RICHARD J. |last4=HAYMON |first4=RACHEL M. |date=2004 |title=Early jurassic hydrothermal vent community from the Franciscan Complex, California |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/27/2/167/207120/Early-Jurassic-hydrothermal-vent-community-from |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=78 |issue=3 |pages=542–559 |doi=10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0542:ejhvcf>2.0.co;2 |issn=0022-3360}}</ref> This tubes, known as ‘Figueroa tubes’, along the ‘Troodos collared tubes’ ([[Cyprus]], [[Turonian]]) were resolved among modern vestimentiferans.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Georgieva |first1=Magdalena N. |last2=Little |first2=Crispin T. S. |last3=Watson |first3=Jonathan S. |last4=Sephton |first4=Mark A. |last5=Ball |first5=Alexander D. |last6=Glover |first6=Adrian G. |date=2017-12-28 |title=Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=287–329 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362 |issn=1477-2019|hdl=10141/622324 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Molecular work aligning five genes has identified four distinct [[clade]]s within Siboglinidae.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s002270050233|title=Molecular systematics of vestimentiferan tubeworms from hydrothermal vents and cold-water seeps|year=1997 |last1=Black |first1=M. B. |first2=K. M. |last2=Halanych |first3=P. A. Y. |last3=Maas |first4=W. R. |last4=Hoeh |first5=J. |last5=Hashimoto |first6=D. |last6=Desbruyeres |first7=R. A. |last7=Lutz |journal=Marine Biology|volume=130|issue=2|pages=141–149|s2cid=13217485|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Glover">{{cite journal|doi=10.1098/rspb.2005.3275|title=World-wide whale worms? A new species of Osedax from the shallow north Atlantic|year=2005 |last1=Glover |first1=A. G. |first2=B. |last2=Kallstrom |first3=C. R. |last3=Smith |first4=T. G. |last4=Dahlgren |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=272|issue=1581|pages=2587–2592|pmid=16321780|pmc=1559975}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1186/1741-7007-7-74|title=A remarkable diversity of bone-eating worms (Osedax; Siboglinidae; Annelida)|year=2009 |last1=Vrijenhoek |first1=R. C. |first2=S. B. |last2=Johnson |first3=G. W. |last3=Rouse|journal=BMC Biology |volume=7|pages=74|pmid=19903327|pmc=2780999 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The clades are ''Vestimentifera'', ''Sclerolinum'', ''[[Frenulata]]'', and ''[[Osedax]]''.<ref name=Glover/> Vestimentiferans live in vent and seep habitats.<ref name=Glover/> Separation of vestimentiferans into seep and deep-sea-dwelling clades is still debated due to some phylogenies based on sequencing data placing the genera along a continuum.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Bright|first1=Monika|title=The Biology of Vestimentiferan Tubeworms|date=2010-05-12|work=Oceanography and Marine Biology|volume=20103650|pages=213–265|editor-last=Gibson|editor-first=R|publisher=CRC Press|language=en|doi=10.1201/ebk1439821169-c4|isbn=9781439821169|last2=Lallie|first2=François|doi-broken-date=2024-11-12 |editor2-last=Atkinson|editor2-first=R|editor3-last=Gordon|editor3-first=J}}</ref> ''Sclerolinum'' is a monogeneric clade (which may be called Monilifera) living on organic-rich remains.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Frenulates live in organic-rich sediment habitats.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s10482-011-9567-0|pmid=21359663|title=Microbial diversity in Frenulata (Siboglinidae, Polychaeta) species from mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)|year=2011 |last1=Rodrigues |first1=C. F. |last2=Hilário |first2=A. |last3=Cunha |first3=M. R. |last4=Weightman |first4=A. J. |last5=Webster |first5=G. |journal=Antonie van Leeuwenhoek|volume=100|issue=1|pages=83–98|s2cid=10224623}}</ref>  ''Osedax'' is a monogeneric clade specialized in living on whale bones, although recent evidence shows them living on fish bones as well.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1098/rsbl.2011.0202|title=Not whale-fall specialists, Osedax worms also consume fishbones|year=2011 |last1=Rouse |first1=G. W. |last2=Goffredi |first2=S. K. |last3=Johnson |first3=S. B. |last4=Vrijenhoek |first4=R. C.|journal=Biology Letters|volume=7|issue=5|pages=736–739|pmid=21490008|pmc=3169056}}</ref>

One probable relationship between the four clades is shown in the cladogram below. The position of ''Osedax'' is weakly supported.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
{{clade
|label1=Siboglinidae
|1={{clade
   |1=clade Frenulata
   |2={{clade
      |1=''Osedax''
      |2={{clade
         |1=''Sclerolinum'' (clade Monilifera)
         |2=clade Vestimentifera
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}