Editing Shrove Tuesday (section)

==Terminology==
[[File:Boris Kustodiev - Shrovetide - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Russian artist [[Boris Kustodiev]]'s ''[[Maslenitsa]]'' (1916)]]
[[File:Zapusty-w-Podmoklach-Wielkich 1950.jpg|thumb|Shrove Tuesday, {{Interlanguage link|Bear guiding|pl|3=Wodzenie niedźwiedzia}} in [[Poland]] (1950)]]
The word ''shrove'' is a form of the English word ''shrive'', which means to give [[absolution]] for someone's [[sin]]s by way of [[Confession (religion)|Confession]] and doing [[penance]]. Thus Shrove Tuesday was named after the custom of Christians to be "shriven" before the start of Lent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13763a.htm|title= Catholic Encyclopedia: Shrovetide|access-date=2 October 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018210012/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13763a.htm|archive-date=18 October 2014}}</ref>

In the [[United Kingdom]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] and parts of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]], Shrove Tuesday is also known as '''Pancake Day''' or '''Pancake Tuesday''', as it became a traditional custom to eat [[pancake]]s as a meal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spinsouthwest.com/lifestyle/5-best-pancake-recipes-ahead-pancake-tuesday-832037|title=The 5 Best Pancake Recipes Ahead Of Pancake Tuesday|first=Nelius|last=Stackpoole|website=SPINSouthWest}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Shrove Tuesday – Pancake Day! | work = Irish Culture and Customs | url = http://www.irishcultureandcustoms.com/ACalend/ShroveTues.html | access-date = 17 November 2006 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061209044318/http://www.irishcultureandcustoms.com/ACalend/ShroveTues.html | archive-date = 9 December 2006 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Pancake Day (Shrove Tuesday) in the UK | work = British Embassy, Washington DC | url = http://www.britainusa.com/sections/articles_show_nt1.asp?d=0&i=60062&L1=0&L2=0&a=41276| access-date =  17 November 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070223204148/http://www.britainusa.com/sections/articles_show_nt1.asp?d=0&i=60062&L1=0&L2=0&a=41276 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 23 February 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Easter in Australia | work = The Australian Government Culture and Recreation Portal | url = http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/easter/ | access-date = 17 November 2006 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061007013323/http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/easter/ | archive-date = 7 October 2006 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=Self/> In [[Irish language|Irish]] the day is known as {{lang|ga|Máirt Inide}}, from the [[Latin]] {{lang|la|initium (Jejūniī)}}, "beginning of [[Lent]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.potafocal.com/thes/?s=Inid|title=Pota Focal &#124; Inid|website=Pota Focal}}</ref>  Elsewhere, the day has also been called "''[[Mardi Gras]]''", meaning "Fat Tuesday", after the type of celebratory meal that day.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBYbL5EEd8gC&q=shrove+tuesday&pg=PT2|title=Love Life Live Lent Family Book: Transform Your World|year=2008|publisher=Church House Publishing|isbn=978-0-7151-4182-3|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228080612/https://books.google.com/books?id=wBYbL5EEd8gC&pg=PT2&dq=shrove+tuesday&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiv7-Kp4rDSAhUE2IMKHaQkCWU4FBDoAQgvMAQ#v=onepage&q=shrove%20tuesday&f=false|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref><!-- Comment This is an eBook, so there are no page numbers.-->

In [[Germany]], the day is known as '''Fastnachtsdienstag''', '''Faschingsdienstag''', '''Karnevalsdienstag''' or '''Veilchendienstag''' (the last of which translates to violet [the flower] Tuesday). It is celebrated with fancy dress and a partial school holiday. Similarly, in [[German American]] areas, such as [[Pennsylvania Dutch Country]], it is known as [[Fastnacht Day]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Csr6aNdLiyoC&q=shrove+tuesday&pg=PA7|title=Eastertide in Pennsylvania: A Folk-cultural Study|last=Shoemaker|first=Alfred Lewis|page=8|year=2000|publisher=Stackpole Books|isbn=978-0-8117-0548-6|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228080714/https://books.google.com/books?id=Csr6aNdLiyoC&pg=PA7&dq=shrove%20tuesday&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjq4__q4LDSAhWq5oMKHUcjDg84ChDoAQhGMAk#v=onepage&q=shrove%20tuesday&f=false|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref>

In the [[Netherlands]], it is known as "vastenavond", or in [[Limburgish language|Limburgish dialect]] "{{lang|li|vastelaovend}}", though the word "{{lang|li|vastelaovend}}" usually refers to the entire period of [[carnival in the Netherlands]].<ref name=festivals>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lHl61M4-nhwC&q=shrove+tuesday&pg=PT133|title=Festivals of Western Europe|last=Spicer|first=Dorothy Gladys|year=1973|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-7999-7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228083141/https://books.google.com/books?id=lHl61M4-nhwC&pg=PT133&dq=shrove+tuesday&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwir_ZfA6bDSAhUI6IMKHcsdA3A45gEQ6AEILDAD#v=onepage&q=shrove%20tuesday&f=false|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref><!-- Comment This is an eBook and has no page numbers.--> In some parts of [[Switzerland]] (e.g. [[Lucerne]]), the day is called '''Güdeldienstag''' or '''Güdisdienstag''' (preceded by Güdismontag). According to the [[Duden]] dictionary, the term derives from "Güdel", which means a fat belly stuffed full of food.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Guedeldienstag |title=Güdeldienstag |publisher=Duden |access-date=9 February 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223112726/http://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Guedeldienstag |archive-date=23 February 2016 }}</ref>

In [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]-, [[Spanish language|Spanish]]- and [[Italian language|Italian]]-speaking countries, among others, it is known as [[Carnival]] (to use the [[English language|English]] spelling). This derives from Medieval Latin {{lang|la|carnelevamen}} ("the putting away of flesh")<ref>[[American Heritage Dictionary]]</ref> and thus to another aspect of the Lenten fast, to abstain from eating meat. It is often celebrated with street processions or fancy dress.<ref name=festivals/>

The most famous of these events has become the [[Brazilian Carnival]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]]. Venetians have long celebrated carnival with a [[Carnival of Venice|masquerade]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://venice-carnival.org/en/approfondimento/9/history-of-venice-carnival.html|title=History of Venice Carnival|publisher=Oltrex|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228083134/http://venice-carnival.org/en/approfondimento/9/history-of-venice-carnival.html|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref> The use of the term "carnival" in other contexts derives from this celebration. In Spain, the Carnival Tuesday is named "día de la tortilla" ("omelette day"): an omelette made with some sausage or pork fat is eaten. On the Portuguese island of [[Madeira]], ''[[malasada]]s'' are eaten on ''Terça-feira Gorda'' (Fat Tuesday in English), which is also the last day of the [[Carnival of Madeira]]. Malasadas were cooked in order to use up all the lard and sugar in the house, in preparation for Lenten restrictions.<ref name=metro>{{cite news|url=http://metro.co.uk/2017/02/26/this-is-what-people-eat-on-shrove-tuesday-around-the-world-6458788/|title=This is what people eat on Shrove Tuesday around the world|newspaper=Metro|date=26 February 2016|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227021804/http://metro.co.uk/2017/02/26/this-is-what-people-eat-on-shrove-tuesday-around-the-world-6458788/|archive-date=27 February 2017}}</ref> This tradition was taken to [[Hawaii]], where Shrove Tuesday is known as '''Malasada Day''', which dates back to the days of the sugar plantations of the 1800s. The resident Catholic [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] workers (who came mostly from Madeira and the [[Azores]]) used up butter and sugar prior to Lent by making large batches of ''malasadas''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://leonardshawaii.com/malasada-day/|title=Malasada Day|publisher=Leonard's Bakery|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228085906/http://leonardshawaii.com/malasada-day/|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref>

In the Lutheran countries of [[Denmark]] and [[Norway]], the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday is called ''Fetetirsdag'' ("Fat Tuesday"); the prior weekend is known as ''Fastelavn'' and is marked by eating ''fastelavnsboller''. Fastelavn is the name for Carnival in Denmark, held either on the Sunday or [[Shrove Monday|Monday before]] Ash Wednesday.<ref name="Nielsen2020">{{cite web |last1=Nielsen |first1=Anne-Grethe Krogh |title=Giving in or letting go? |url=https://www.danishchurchsocal.com/sermons/2020/3/3/giving-in-or-letting-go |publisher=The Danish Lutheran Church and Cultural Center of Southern California |language=English |date=3 March 2020 |quote=Fastelavn is an old Christian Celebration to begin the time of lent with a big celebration of joy, food and laughter. As the time of Lent was more humble, subtle and abstinent, the evening or the day before Lent began was to be fun and filled with good food for the stomach and for the soul.}}</ref> This holiday occurs seven weeks before Easter Sunday, with children dressing up in costumes and gathering treats for the Fastelavn feast. The holiday is generally considered to be a time for children's fun and family games and on Shrove Sunday, "the churches hold a special family service where children are invited to wear fancy dress."<ref name="ELCD2021">{{cite web |title=Shrovetide|url=https://www.lutheranchurch.dk/liturgy-and-worship/festivals-and-traditions/shrovetide |publisher=[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark]] |access-date=8 February 2021 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://danishhomeofchicago.org/2014/02/20/fastelavn-celebration/|title=Fastelavn celebration|publisher=Danish Home of Chicago|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228092515/http://danishhomeofchicago.org/2014/02/20/fastelavn-celebration/|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref> 
[[File:Fettisdagsgubbar från Alfta socken, Hälsingland - Nordiska Museet - NMA.0052684.jpg|thumb|People in [[Alfta]], Sweden, masquerading as ''Fettisdagsgubbar'' in traditional celebration of Shrove Tuesday. ]]
In [[Iceland]], the day is known as ''Sprengidagur'' (Bursting Day) and is marked by eating salted meat and peas.<ref name="metro" /> In [[Lithuania]], the day is called {{lang|lt|[[Užgavėnės]]}}. People eat [[pancake]]s (''blynai'') and Lithuanian-style [[doughnut]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lithuanianmha.org/holiday-traditions/uzgavenes/|title=Užgavėnės|date=22 December 2013|publisher=Lithuanian Music Hall Association|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228081331/http://lithuanianmha.org/holiday-traditions/uzgavenes/|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitlithuania.net/index.php/component/content/article/107-festivals/353-the-shrove-festivalfebruary-.html|title=The Shrove Festival (February)|publisher=visit Lithuania.com|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228081847/http://www.visitlithuania.net/index.php/component/content/article/107-festivals/353-the-shrove-festivalfebruary-.html|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref> 

In [[Sweden]], the day is called ''Fettisdagen'' (Fat Tuesday), and is generally celebrated by eating a type of [[almond paste]]-filled [[sweet roll]] called {{lang|sv|[[semla]]}} or {{lang|sv|fastlagsbulle}}.<ref name="metro" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swedishfood.com/swedish-food-recipes-biscuits-cakes/130-lent-buns-semlor|title=Lent Buns (Semlor)|publisher=swedishfood.com|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228092054/http://www.swedishfood.com/swedish-food-recipes-biscuits-cakes/130-lent-buns-semlor|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref> In [[Finland]], the day is called {{lang|fi|[[laskiainen]]}} and is generally celebrated by eating green pea soup and {{lang|sv|semla}}, in Finland known as {{lang|fi|laskiaispulla}} or {{lang|sv-fi|fastlagsbulle}}, and typically filled with whipped cream and jam or almond paste. In [[Estonia]], the day is similarly called {{lang|ee|Vastlapäev}} and is generally celebrated by eating pea soup and whipped-cream or jam and whipped-cream filled sweet-buns called ''vastlakukkel'', similar to the {{lang|sv|semla}}. Children also typically go sledding on this day.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfldAgAAQBAJ&q=Vastlap%C3%A4ev&pg=PA118|title=Complete Estonian: Teach Yourself|page=118|publisher=Hachette|year=2012|isbn=978-1-444-17349-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228085231/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=cfldAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA118&dq=Vastlap%C3%A4ev&pg=PA118|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://www.finnfaca.org/facamembership.html Laskiainen], Finnish-American Cultural Activities.</ref>

In [[Poland]], a related celebration falls on the Thursday before [[Ash Wednesday]] and is called {{lang|pl|tłusty czwartek}} ([[Fat Thursday]]). In some areas of the [[United States]] with large Polish-American communities, such as [[Chicago]], [[Milwaukee]], [[Detroit]], and [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], '''Tłusty Czwartek''' is celebrated with {{lang|pl|[[pączki]]}} or {{lang|pl|[[faworki]]}} eating contests, music and other Polish food. It may be held on Shrove Tuesday or in the days immediately preceding it.<ref>[http://www.wivb.com/dpp/news/local/paczski-day-celebrated-by-wny-polish] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216215618/http://www.wivb.com/dpp/news/local/paczski-day-celebrated-by-wny-polish|date=16 February 2015}}</ref>

In [[Slovenia]], [[Kurentovanje]] is also the biggest and best known carnival.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/03/travel/10-reasons-to-visit-slovenia-in-2015/index.html|title=10 Reasons to Visit Slovenia in 2015|publisher=CNN|author=Isalaska, Anita|date=4 March 2015|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228090313/http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/03/travel/10-reasons-to-visit-slovenia-in-2015/index.html|archive-date=28 February 2017}}</ref> There are several more local carnivals usually referred to as [[Laufarija]]. In [[Hungary]], and the Hungarian-speaking territories, it is called {{interlanguage link|Húshagyókedd|hu}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://welovebudapest.com/budapest.and.hungary/explainer.farsang.celebrations.in.hungary|title=Explainer: Farsang celebrations in Hungary|author=Amon, Ildi|date=27 January 2015|publisher=welovebudapest.com|access-date=27 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216122931/http://welovebudapest.com/budapest.and.hungary/explainer.farsang.celebrations.in.hungary|archive-date=16 February 2017}}</ref> ({{literally|the Tuesday leaving the meat}}) and is celebrated by fancy dress and visiting neighbours.