Editing Sexology (section)

===Early===
[[Sex manual]]s have existed for centuries, such as [[Ovid]]'s {{Lang|la|[[Ars Amatoria]]}}, the ''[[Kama Sutra]]'' of [[Vatsyayana]], the ''[[Ananga Ranga]]'', and ''[[The Perfumed Garden|The Perfumed Garden for the Soul's Recreation]]''.  {{lang|fr|De la prostitution dans la ville de Paris}} (''Prostitution in the City of Paris''), an early 1830s study on 3,558 registered prostitutes in [[Paris]], written by Alexander Jean Baptiste Parent-Duchatelet (published in 1837, a year after he died), has been called the first work of modern sex research.<ref name=Bullough1989>Bullough, V. L. (1989). ''The society for the scientific study of sex: A brief history''. Mt. Vernon, Iowa: The Foundation for the Scientific Study of Sexuality.</ref> In England, [[James Graham (sexologist)|James Graham]] was an early sexologist who lectured on topics such as the process of sex and conception.<ref name="Porter 1989 p. 49">{{cite book | last=Porter | first=R. | title=Health for Sale: Quackery in England, 1660-1850 | publisher=Manchester University Press | year=1989 | isbn=978-0-7190-1903-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9BRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA49 | access-date=2023-06-20 | page=49}}</ref>

The scientific study of sexual behavior in human beings began in the 19th century with [[Heinrich Kaan]], whose book ''Psychopathia Sexualis'' (1844) [[Michel Foucault]] describes as marking "the date of birth, or in any case the date of the emergence of sexuality and sexual aberrations in the psychiatric field."<ref>Michel Foucault, ''Abnormal: Lectures at the  Collège de France, 1974-195 (Picador, 2003)''</ref> The term ''sexology'' was coined for the first time in the United States by Elizabeth Osgood Goodrich Willard in 1867.<ref>Benjamin Kahan, "The unexpected American Origins of Sexology and Sexual science: Elizabeth Osgood Goodrich Willard, Orson Squire Fowler, and the Scientification of Sex ''History of Human Sciences'' 34.1 (2020): 71-88</ref> Roughly simultaneously a group of homophile activists, not yet identifying themselves as sexologists, were responding to shifts in [[Europe]]'s national borders, a crisis that brought into conflict laws that were sexually liberal and laws that criminalized behaviors such as homosexual activity.