Editing Severo Ochoa (section)

==Career and research==
In 1933 the Ochoas returned to Madrid where he began to study glycolysis in heart muscle. Within two years, he was offered the directorship of the Physiology Section in a newly created Institute for Medical Research at the [[Complutense University of Madrid|University of Madrid Medical School]]. Unfortunately the appointment was made just as the [[Spanish Civil War]] erupted. Ochoa decided that trying to perform research in such an environment would destroy forever his "chances of becoming a scientist." Thus, "after much thought, my wife and I decided to leave Spain." In September 1936 they began what he later called the "wander years" as they traveled from Spain to Germany, to England, and ultimately to the United States within a span of four years.<ref name=hobby/><ref>Singleton, R. Jr. (2007). "Ochoa, Severo." In ''New Dictionary of Scientific Biography'', Noretta Koertge (ed.), vol. 5, pp. 305–12. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons.:]</ref>

Ochoa left Spain and returned to Meyerhof's Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology now relocated in Heidelberg, where Ochoa found a profoundly changed research focus. During his 1930 visit the laboratory work was "classical physiology," which Ochoa described as "one could see muscles twitching everywhere".<ref name=hobby/> By 1936 Meyerhof's laboratory had become one of the world's foremost biochemical facilities focused on processes such as [[glycolysis]] and [[fermentation]]. Rather than studying muscles "twitch," the lab was now purifying and characterizing the enzymes involved in muscle action and those involved in yeast fermentation.
[[File:Severo Ochoa - Universidad Complutense de Madrid.jpg|thumb|right|Severo Ochoa Monument outside the school of medicine of the [[Complutense University of Madrid]]]]
From then until 1938, he held many positions and worked with many people at many places. For example, [[Otto Meyerhof]] appointed him Guest Research Assistant at the [[Max Planck Institute for Medical Research|Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research]] in [[Heidelberg]] for one year. From 1938 until 1941 he was Demonstrator and Nuffield Research Assistant at the [[University of Oxford]].

=== United States ===
Ochoa then went to the United States, where he again held many positions at several universities. Between 1940 and 1942, Ochoa worked for [[Washington University School of Medicine|Washington University's School of Medicine]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Severo Ochoa |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/52015.html |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Severo Ochoa |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/severo-ochoa |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en |archive-date=23 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123153150/https://www.amacad.org/person/severo-ochoa |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1942 he was appointed research associate in medicine at the [[New York University School of Medicine]] and there subsequently became assistant professor of biochemistry (1945), professor of pharmacology (1946), professor of biochemistry (1954), and chair of the department of biochemistry.

In 1956, he became an American citizen.<ref name=ochoabio/> He was elected to both the United States [[National Academy of Sciences]] and the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1957. In 1959, Ochoa and [[Arthur Kornberg]] were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological [[Chemical synthesis|synthesis]] of [[RNA|ribonucleic acid]] and [[DNA|deoxyribonucleic acid]]". He was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Severo+Ochoa&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=search.amphilsoc.org |archive-date=23 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123153156/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Severo+Ochoa&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |url-status=live }}</ref>

Ochoa continued research on [[protein synthesis]] and replication of [[RNA virus]]es until 1985, when he returned to now democratic Spain where he was a science advisor. Ochoa was also a recipient of U.S. [[National Medal of Science]] in 1978.

Severo Ochoa died in [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] on 1 November 1993. Carmen García Cobián had died in 1986.

Long after his death, Spanish actress [[Sara Montiel]] claimed that she and Severo Ochoa were involved in a romantic relationship in the 1950s, as stated in an interview in Spanish newspaper ''[[El País]]'': "The great love of my life was Severo Ochoa. But it was an impossible love. Clandestine. He was married, and besides, him doing research and me doing films wasn't a good match."
<ref>{{cite news |title=En 54 años no ha salido nadie como yo |author=NÚÑEZ JAIME, VÍCTOR |work=El Pais |date=13 October 2012 |url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2012/10/12/gente/1350057827_636150.html |access-date=13 October 2012 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023181833/http://elpais.com/elpais/2012/10/12/gente/1350057827_636150.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Legacy===

A new research center in the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), that was planned in the 1970s, was finally open in 1975 (CBM) and named, after his dead, the Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbm.uam.es/|title=Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa|access-date=2023-08-09|archive-date=22 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622053826/http://www.cbm.uam.es/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In [[Leganés]], Madrid, a hospital bears his name, as does the [[Madrid Metro]] station serving it, [[Hospital Severo Ochoa (Madrid Metro)|Hospital Severo Ochoa]].

The [[asteroid]] [[117435 Severochoa]] is also named in his honor.

In 2003 the Spanish General Post Office ([[Correos]]) issued a €0,76 postage stamp honoring Ochoa, as one of a pair featuring Spanish medical Nobel Prize winners<ref>{{cite web| title =Nobel Prize Philately| author =Correos| url =https://aplicaciones.correos.es/ss/Satellite/site/emision-1363200855921-albumes_publicaciones_filatelia/detalle_album-sidioma=en_GB| access-date =1 August 2022| archive-date =16 November 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20231116203529/https://aplicaciones.correos.es/ss/Satellite/site/emision-1363200855921-albumes_publicaciones_filatelia/detalle_album-sidioma=en_GB| url-status =live}}</ref> alongside [[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]].   

In June 2011, the United States Postal Service issued a stamp honoring him,<ref>{{cite news| title =American Scientists| author =United States Postal| url =http://beyondtheperf.com/stamp-releases/american-scientists|url-status = dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110404151728/http://www.beyondtheperf.com/stamp-releases/american-scientists| archive-date =4 April 2011}}</ref> as part of the ''American Scientists'' collection, along with [[Melvin Calvin]], [[Asa Gray]], and [[Maria Goeppert-Mayer]]. This was the third volume in the series.

The main road in to the tourist resort Benidorm is named Avenida Dr. Severo Ochoa<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/Av.+Dr.+Severo+Ochoa,+03503,+Alicante,+Spain/@38.5473168,-0.1012497,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xd62046ec56b6b99:0x3eed4e2acb7c1794!8m2!3d38.5473126!4d-0.0990557 | title=Av. Dr. Severo Ochoa · 03503, Alicante, Spain | access-date=23 December 2022 | archive-date=23 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223213229/https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/Av.+Dr.+Severo+Ochoa,+03503,+Alicante,+Spain/@38.5473168,-0.1012497,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xd62046ec56b6b99:0x3eed4e2acb7c1794!8m2!3d38.5473126!4d-0.0990557 | url-status=live }}</ref> in his honor.