Editing Senate (section)

==Alternative meanings==
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The terms ''senate'' and ''senator'', however, do not necessarily refer to a second chamber of a legislature:
*The [[Senate of Finland]] was, until 1918, the executive branch and the supreme court.
*The [[Senate of Latvia]] ([[:lv:Latvijas Senāts|lv]]) fulfilled a similar judicial function during the interbellum (1918–1940).
*In German politics:
**In the ''[[States of Germany|Bundesländer]]'' (Federated States) of Germany which form a [[City State]] (in German: ''Stadtstaat''), i.e. [[Berlin]] ([[Senate of Berlin]]), [[Bremen (state)|Bremen]] ([[Senate of Bremen]]) and [[Hamburg]] ([[Senate of Hamburg]]), the senates (''[[:wikt:Senat|Senat]]'' in [[German language|German]]) are the executive branch, with senators (''Senator'') being the holders of ministerial portfolios.<ref>See [[Senate of Berlin]], [[Senate of Bremen]] and [[Senate of Hamburg]].</ref>
**In a number of cities which were former members of the ''[[Hanse]]'' (a medieval confederacy of port cities mainly at the shores of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea), such as [[Greifswald]], [[Lübeck]], [[Rostock]], [[Stralsund]], or [[Wismar]], the city government is also called a Senate. However, in [[Bavaria]], the Senate was a second legislative chamber until its abolition in 1999.
*In German jurisprudence:
**The term Senat (senate) in higher [[court of appeal|courts of appeal]] refers to the "[[Bench (metonymy)|bench]]" in its broader [[metonymy]] meaning, describing members of the [[judiciary]] collectively (usually five [[judge]]s), often occupied with a particular [[subject-matter jurisdiction]]. However, the judges are not called "senators". The German term ''Strafsenat'' (literally "Penal Senate") in a German court translates to ''Bench of [[Criminal jurisdiction|penal-law jurisdiction]]'' and ''Zivilsenat'' (literally "Civil Senate") to ''Bench of [[Private law|private-law jurisdiction]]''. The [[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany]] consists of two senates of eight judges each. In its case the division is mostly of an organizational nature, as a matter of dividing the work load; both senates handle the same kind of constitutional cases. At some points in the past, one senate was considered more conservative and the other more liberal, but that is not the case as of 2011.
*In [[Scotland]], judges of the [[High Court of Justiciary]] are called [[Senators of the College of Justice]].
*In some, mostly federal countries with a unicameral legislature, some of the legislators are elected differently from the others and are called senators. In federal countries, such senators represent the territories, while the other members represent the people at large (this device is used to allow a federal representation without having to establish a bicameral legislature); this is the case with [[St. Kitts and Nevis]], [[Comoros]] and [[Micronesia]]. In other, non-federal countries, the use of the term ''senator'' marks some other difference between such members and the rest of the legislators (such as the method of selection); this is the case with [[Dominica]]'s [[House of Assembly of Dominica|House of Assembly]] and the [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Saint Vincent]] [[House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|House of Assembly]]. Until [[2022 Jersey general election|2022]], this was also the case in the [[States of Jersey]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-56847634 Removal of Jersey senator roles given final approval], [[BBC News Online|BBC News]], 22 April 2021</ref>
*In [[Wales]], there is a translation of the word Senatus into the [[Welsh language]] (equivalent to 'Senate' in English) as the word "Senedd". The word was used first to refer specifically to what is now referred to as the [[Senedd building]], but the name later became a [[Metonymy|metonym]] for the [[Devolved parliament|devolved unicameral legislature]] it hosts, the "[[National Assembly for Wales]]", which in [[Senedd and Elections (Wales) Act 2020|May 2020 adopted the name "Senedd Cymru" or "the Welsh Parliament"]] with the term "[[Senedd]]" becoming the common short name for the institution in both languages of Welsh and [[English language|English]]. There is no direct translation of the word "Parliament" in Welsh, with Senedd (being a cognate of Senate) meaning both "Senate" and "Parliament". 
*An [[academic senate]] is the governing body of some universities.
*In [[Greece]] during the early stages of the [[Greek War of Independence]], various local legislative and executive bodies were established by the Greek rebels. Two of them were styled "senate": the [[Peloponnesian Senate]] and the [[Senate of Western Continental Greece]].