Editing Secret police (section)

=== Africa ===
==== Egypt ====
[[Egypt]] is home to Africa's and the Middle East's first internal security service: The [[State Security Investigations Service]]. Initially it was formed during the British occupation of Egypt as the Intelligence wing of the [[Egyptian National Police|regular police]]. After the [[1952 Egyptian revolution|1952 coup]], the State Security apparatus was reformed and reorganized to suit the security concerns of the new socialist regime of Gamal Abdel Nasser. The SSIS was made a separate branch of the [[Ministry of Interior (Egypt)|Ministry of Interior]] and separated from the [[Egyptian National Police|regular police]] command. During the Nasser era, It was intensively trained by the Soviet [[KGB]] on coercive interrogation techniques, mass surveillance, public intimidation and political suppression. The SSIS was responsible for suppressing opposition groups to Nasser and his successors (Sadat and Mubarak). Torture was a systematic practice by that repressive apparatus. During the [[War on Terror]], The SSIS used to receive suspected terrorists that were sent to Egypt from the United States and used to interrogate them using torture. After the [[2011 Egyptian Revolution|2011 revolution]], demonstrators demanded that the service be dissolved and several buildings (including the headquarters in Nasr City) were stormed by protesters that gathered evidence of torture tools, secret cells and documents showing surveillance on citizens. On March 15 2011, Egypt's Minister of Interior announced the dissolution of the State Security and declared the new National Security Agency would replace it and be responsible for its internal security and counter-terrorist duties.

==== Ethiopia ====
From 1974 to 1987, [[Ethiopia]] was ruled by a [[Communism|communist]] [[military junta]] known as the [[Derg]] (in 1987 the country formally reformed [[People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia|into a presidential republic]], but the same people remained in power [[Fall of the Derg regime|until May 1991]]). The Derg built a [[police state]] with a brutal military government. The brutality of its regime was particularly evident in the 1976-1978, during military campaign, called [[Red Terror (Ethiopia)|Red Terror]], against perceived opponents. To exercise total control over the country, the Derg needed a secret police. And it formed one in August 1978: it became known as the [[Central Revolutionary Investigation Department]] (CRID). CRID was responsible for suppressing dissent and identifying targets for state repression in Ethiopia. Department also has been monitoring opposition in government-controlled areas and regime dissidents. CRID is considered to be the most advanced institution of violence in Derg's Ethiopia.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Metekia |first=Tadesse Simie |title=Prosecution of core crimes in Ethiopia: domestic practice vis-à-vis international standards |date=2021 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill NV |isbn=978-90-04-44726-4 |series=International criminal law series |location=Leiden, The Netherlands}}</ref>

==== Uganda ====
In [[Uganda]], the [[State Research Bureau (organisation)|State Research Bureau]] (SRB) was a secret police organisation for [[Idi Amin|President Idi Amin]]. The Bureau tortured many Ugandans, operating on behalf of a regime responsible for more than five hundred thousand violent deaths.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC News {{!}} Africa {{!}} Idi Amin's legacy of terror|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/404630.stm|access-date=2021-02-09|website=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uganda releases former head of Amin's secret police|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/12/03/Uganda-releases-former-head-of-Amins-secret-police/4100502434000/|access-date=2021-02-09|website=UPI|language=en}}</ref> The SRB attempted to infiltrate every area of Ugandan life.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Darnton|first=John|date=1979-04-18|title=Secret-Police Records Reveal Vast Paranoia Of Idi Amin's Regime (Published 1979)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/04/18/archives/secretpolice-records-reveal-vast-paranoia-of-idi-amins-regime.html|access-date=2021-02-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==== Zimbabwe ====
In Zimbabwe, the [[Central Intelligence Organisation]] (CIO) was the secret police of [[Robert Mugabe|President Robert Mugabe]] who is responsible for detaining, torturing, mass beating, raping and starving thousands of civilians on the orders of Mugabe.