Editing School (section)

==History and development==
{{See also|History of education}}
[[File:Plato's Academy mosaic from Pompeii.jpg|thumb|[[Plato]]'s academy, [[Plato's Academy mosaic|mosaic from Pompeii]]]]
The concept of grouping students together in a centralized location for learning has existed since [[Classical antiquity]]. Formal schools have existed at least since [[ancient Greece]] (see [[Academy]]), [[ancient Rome]] (see [[Education in Ancient Rome]]) [[History of India|ancient India]] (see [[Gurukul]]), and [[History of China|ancient China]] (see [[History of education in China]]). The [[Byzantine Empire]] had an established schooling system beginning at the primary level. According to ''Traditions and Encounters'', the founding of the primary education system began in 425 AD and "...&nbsp;[[Soldier|military personnel]] usually had at least a primary education&nbsp;...". The sometimes efficient and often large government of the Empire meant that educated citizens were a must. Although Byzantium lost much of the grandeur of Roman culture and extravagance in the process of surviving, the Empire emphasized efficiency in its war manuals. The Byzantine education system continued until the empire's collapse in 1453 AD.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bentley |first=Jerry H. |title=Traditions & Encounters a Global Perspective on the Past |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=2006 |page=331}}</ref>

In Western Europe, a considerable number of [[cathedral schools]] were founded during the [[Early Middle Ages]] in order to teach future clergy and administrators, with the oldest still existing, and continuously operated, cathedral schools being [[The King's School, Canterbury]] (established 597 CE), [[King's School, Rochester]] (established 604 CE), [[St Peter's School, York]] (established 627 CE) and [[Thetford Grammar School]] (established 631 CE). Beginning in the 5th century CE, [[monastic school]]s were also established throughout Western Europe, teaching religious and secular subjects.[[File:BogdanovBelsky UstnySchet.jpg|thumb|upright|Mental calculations. In the school of S. Rachinsky by [[Nikolay Bogdanov-Belsky]]. Russia, 1895.|left|239x239px]]

In Europe, universities emerged during the 12th century; here, [[scholasticism]] was an important tool, and the academicians were called ''schoolmen''. During the [[Middle Ages]] and much of the [[Early Modern]] period, the main purpose of schools (as opposed to universities) was to teach the [[Latin|Latin language]]. This led to the term [[grammar school]], which in the United States informally refers to a primary school, but in the United Kingdom means a school that selects entrants based on ability or aptitude. The school curriculum has gradually broadened to include literacy in the vernacular language and technical, artistic, scientific, and practical subjects.

Obligatory school attendance became common in parts of Europe during the 18th century. In [[Denmark-Norway]], this was introduced as early as in 1739–1741, the primary end being to increase the literacy of the ''[[:no:almue|almue]]'', i.e., the "regular people".<ref>{{cite web |title=Leseferdighet og skolevesen 1740–1830 |url=https://oda.hio.no/jspui/bitstream/10642/888/2/802941.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414015817/https://oda.hio.no/jspui/bitstream/10642/888/2/802941.pdf |archive-date=14 April 2016 |access-date=15 May 2014 |publisher=Open Digital Archive}}</ref> Many of the earlier public schools in the United States and elsewhere were [[one-room school]]s where a single teacher taught seven grades of boys and girls in the same classroom. Beginning in the 1920s, one-room schools were consolidated into multiple classroom facilities with transportation increasingly provided by [[kid hack]]s and [[school bus]]es.

[[Islam]] was another culture that developed a school system in the modern sense of the word. Emphasis was put on knowledge, which required a systematic way of teaching and spreading knowledge and purpose-built structures. At first, [[mosque]]s combined religious performance and learning activities. However, by the 9th century, the [[madrassa]] was introduced, a school that was built independently from the mosque, such as [[University of Al Quaraouiyine|al-Qarawiyyin]], founded in 859 CE. They were also the first to make the ''Madrassa'' system a public domain under [[Caliph]]'s control.

Under the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]], the towns of [[Bursa]] and [[Edirne]] became the main centers of learning. The Ottoman system of [[Külliye]], a building complex containing a mosque, a hospital, madrassa, and public kitchen and dining areas, revolutionized the education system, making learning accessible to a broader public through its free meals, health care, and sometimes free accommodation.