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==Geography and transportation== {{Further|Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area}} Along the center line of the Peninsula is the northern half of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], formed by the action of [[plate tectonics]] along the [[San Andreas Fault]]. In the middle of the Peninsula along the fault is the [[Crystal Springs Reservoir]]. Just north of the Crystal Springs reservoir is [[San Andreas Lake]], after which the [[Fault (geology)|geologic fault]] was originally named.<ref>Carol S. Prentice, "Andrew Cowper Lawson", in ''Classic Cordilleran Concepts: A View from California'', Special paper 338, Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America, 1999, {{ISBN|9780813723389}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=3RlHAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA70 p. 70].</ref> The east side of the peninsula is a densely populated and largely urban and suburban area that includes portions of Silicon Valley. It forms a commuter area between San Francisco to the north and [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] to the south. ===Roads=== {{Main|State highways in California}} {{Div col|colwidth=22em}} * [[File:I-80 (CA).svg|20px]] [[Interstate 80 (California)|Interstate 80]] * [[File:I-280 (CA).svg|25px]] [[Interstate 280 (California)|Interstate 280]] * [[File:I-380 (CA).svg|25px]] [[Interstate 380 (California)|Interstate 380]] * [[File:US 101 (CA).svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 101 in California|U.S. Route 101]] * [[File:California 1.svg|20px]] [[California State Route 1|State Route 1]] * [[File:California 9.svg|20px]] [[California State Route 9|State Route 9]] * [[File:California 35.svg|20px]] [[California State Route 35|State Route 35]] * [[File:California 82.svg|20px]] [[California State Route 82|State Route 82]] * [[File:California 84.svg|20px]] [[California State Route 84|State Route 84]] * [[File:California 85.svg|20px]] [[California State Route 85|State Route 85]] * [[File:California 92.svg|20px]] [[California State Route 92|State Route 92]] * [[File:California 109.svg|25px]] [[California State Route 109|State Route 109]] * [[File:California 114.svg|25px]] [[California State Route 114|State Route 114]] * [[File:California 237.svg|25px]] [[California State Route 237|State Route 237]] {{Div col end}} The bridges in the Peninsula include the [[Dumbarton Bridge (California)|Dumbarton Bridge]], the [[Golden Gate Bridge]], the [[San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge]], and the [[San Mateo–Hayward Bridge]]. A number of major thoroughfares run north-south: [[El Camino Real (California)|El Camino Real]] ([[California State Route 82|SR 82]]) and [[U.S. Route 101 in California|US 101]] on the east side along the bay, [[Interstate 280 (California)|Interstate 280]] down the center, [[Skyline Boulevard]] ([[California State Route 35|SR 35]]) along the crest of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], and [[California State Route 1|SR 1]] on the west along the Pacific, and [[California State Route 85|SR 85]] which forms the southern end of the Peninsula. === Transit === [[Caltrain]] is the primary passenger rail transit in the peninsula, serving much of the eastern urbanized areas of the peninsula between Mountain View (which also connects to [[VTA light rail]]) and San Francisco's [[San Francisco 4th and King Street station|4th and King Street]] station. In addition, the peninsula has access to [[Bay Area Rapid Transit]] (BART) northward of [[Millbrae, California|Millbrae]], connecting San Mateo County and San Francisco to the [[East Bay]] through a route over and under [[Daly City, California|Daly City]], [[Glen Park, San Francisco|Glen Park]], [[Mission District, San Francisco|San Francisco's Mission district]], and through part of [[Market Street subway]]. Bus service is predominantly provided by [[SamTrans]] and the [[San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency|SFMTA]]'s Muni buses, which primarily run in San Mateo and San Francisco counties respectively. In addition, southward of Palo Alto, the [[Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority]] operates buses to other parts of Santa Clara County. Most of the peninsula's bus transit to the [[East Bay]] and [[North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)|North Bay]] flowing through San Francisco, as neither [[AC Transit]] nor [[Golden Gate Transit]], the primary transit operators for the East and North Bay respectively, serve the peninsula south of San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Your Route & Stop - Riding the Bus {{!}} Golden Gate |url=https://www.goldengate.org/bus/riding-the-bus/find-your-route-stop/ |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=www.goldengate.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=AC Transit |title=Schedule and Fares for Daly City |url=https://www.actransit.org/website/uploads/HSP_DALY-sched.pdf |access-date=December 8, 2022}}</ref> === Airports === The peninsula's largest commercial airport is [[San Francisco International Airport]], itself connected to US 101 and BART and accessible to Caltrain (via a BART connection at Milbrae station). [[San Jose International Airport]], is the next largest airport in the region serving and might be a more viable option for the southern peninsula. The airport is connected to US 101 and there is a single connector bus, [[Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority| VTA]] Line 60, that links to Caltrain (at Santa Clara Transit Center) and to eastern lines of BART (Milpitas).<ref name="vta">{{cite web|url=https://www.vta.org/go/routes/60|title=Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority:Milpitas BART - Winchester Stn via SJC Airport|access-date=March 17, 2024}}</ref> [[Oakland International Airport]], located in the [[East Bay]], is the smallest of the three and is also accessible directly via BART.
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