Editing Salmon (section)

== Species ==
The seven commercially important species of salmon occur in two genera of the [[subfamily]] [[Salmoninae]]. The genus ''[[Salmo]]'' contains the [[Atlantic salmon]], found in both sides of the [[North Atlantic]], as well as more than 40 other species commonly named as [[trout]]. The genus ''[[Oncorhynchus]]'' contains 12 recognised species which occur naturally only in the North Pacific, six of which are known as [[Pacific salmon]] while the remainder are considered trout. Outside their native habitats, [[Chinook salmon]] have been successfully introduced in [[New Zealand]] and [[Patagonia]], while [[coho salmon|coho]], [[sockeye salmon|sockeye]] and Atlantic salmon have been established in Patagonia, as well.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globalflyfisher.com/fishbetter/patagonian-salmonids/ |title=Patagonian salmonids-This is the history and present state of salmonid introduction in Patagonia |date=25 August 2011 |author=Heiko Schneider |publisher=Global Fly Fisher |access-date=25 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426235535/http://globalflyfisher.com/fishbetter/patagonian-salmonids/ |archive-date=26 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable collapsible"
|-
! colspan="13"| Atlantic and Pacific salmon
|-
! Genus
! Image
! Common name
! Scientific name
! Maximum<br/>length
! Common<br/>length
! Maximum<br/>weight
! Maximum<br/>age
! [[Trophic level|Trophic<br/>level]]
! [[FishBase|Fish<br/>Base]]
! [[FAO]]
! [[ITIS]]
! [[IUCN|IUCN status]]
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Salmo]]''<br /><small>(Atlantic salmon)</small>
| <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Salmo salar.png|120px]]</span>
| [[Atlantic salmon]]
| ''Salmo salar'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=150|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=120|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|46.8|kg|lb}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 13 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.4
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Salmo | species = salar | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name=FAOSalmo_salar>{{cite web | title = Species Fact Sheet: ''Salmo salar'', Linnaeus, 1758 | url = http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2929/en | publisher = [[FAO]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190402154054/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2929/en | archive-date = 2 April 2019 | url-status = live}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=161996 |taxon=Salmo salar}}</ref>
|  [[File:NT IUCN 3 1.svg|NT IUCN 3 1.svg]]<small>Near threatened</small><ref>{{cite iucn |author=World Conservation Monitoring Centre |date=1996 |title=''Salmo salar'' |volume=1996 |page=e.T19855A9026693 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T19855A9026693.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Oncorhynchus]]''<br /><small>(Pacific salmon)</small>
| [[File:Lake Washington Ship Canal Fish Ladder pamphlet - ocean phase Chinook.jpg|120px]]<br>[[File:Lake Washington Ship Canal Fish Ladder pamphlet - male freshwater phase Chinook.jpg|120px]]
| [[Chinook salmon]]
| ''Oncorhynchus tshawytscha'' <small>(Walbaum, 1792)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=150|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=70|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|61.4|kg|lb}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 9 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.4
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Oncorhynchus | species = tshawytscha | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | title = Species Fact Sheet: ''Oncorhynchus tshawytscha'' (Walbaum, 1792) | url = http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2933/en | publisher = [[FAO]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190403151355/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2933/en | archive-date = 3 April 2019 | url-status = live}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=161980 |taxon=Oncorhynchus tshawytscha }}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
|  <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Oncorhynchus keta.jpeg|120px]]<br>[[File:Dog Salmon Breeding Male.jpg|120px]]</span>
| [[Chum salmon]]
| ''Oncorhynchus keta'' <small>(Walbaum, 1792)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=100|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=58|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|15.9|kg|lb}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 7 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.5
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Oncorhynchus | species = keta | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | title = Species Fact Sheet: ''Oncorhynchus keta'' (Walbaum, 1792) | url = http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2931/en | publisher = [[FAO]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190403151354/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2931/en | archive-date = 3 April 2019 | url-status = live }}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=161976 |taxon=Oncorhynchus keta}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[File:Lake Washington Ship Canal Fish Ladder pamphlet - ocean phase Coho.jpg|120px]]<br>[[File:Lake Washington Ship Canal Fish Ladder pamphlet - male freshwater phase Coho.jpg|120px]]
| [[Coho salmon]]
| ''Oncorhynchus kisutch'' <small>(Walbaum, 1792)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=108|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=71|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|15.2|kg|lb}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 5 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.2
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Oncorhynchus | species = kisutch | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | title = Species Fact Sheet: ''Oncorhynchus kisutch'' (Walbaum, 1792) | url = http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2118/en | publisher = [[FAO]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190403211413/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2118/en | archive-date = 3 April 2019 | url-status = live }}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=161975 |taxon=Oncorhynchus kisutch }}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Oncorhynchus masou.jpg|120px]]</span>
| [[Masu salmon]]
| ''Oncorhynchus masou'' <small>(Brevoort, 1856)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=79|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=50|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|10.0|kg|lb}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.6
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Oncorhynchus | species = masou | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=161978 |taxon=Oncorhynchus masou }}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Humpback Salmon Adult Male.jpg|120px]]<br>[[File:Humpback Salmon Breeding Male.jpg|120px]]</span>
| [[Pink salmon]]
| ''Oncorhynchus gorbuscha'' <small>(Walbaum, 1792)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=76|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=50|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|6.8|kg|lb}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.2
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Oncorhynchus | species = gorbuscha | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | title = Species Fact Sheet: ''Oncorhynchus gorbuscha'' (Walbaum, 1792) | url = http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2116/en | publisher = [[FAO]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190403211409/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2116/en | archive-date = 3 April 2019 | url-status = live}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=161975 |taxon=Oncorhynchus gorbuscha }}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Lake Washington Ship Canal Fish Ladder pamphlet - ocean phase Sockeye.jpg|120px]]<br>[[File:Lake Washington Ship Canal Fish Ladder pamphlet - male freshwater phase Sockeye.jpg|120px]]</span>
| [[Sockeye salmon]]
| ''Oncorhynchus nerka'' <small>(Walbaum, 1792)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=84|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=58|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|7.7|kg|lb}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 8 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.7
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Oncorhynchus | species = nerka | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | title = Species Fact Sheet: ''Oncorhynchus nerka'' (Walbaum, 1792) | url = http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2117/en | publisher = [[FAO]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190403211417/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2117/en | archive-date = 3 April 2019 | url-status = live}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=161979 |taxon=Oncorhynchus nerka}}</ref>
| [[File:LC IUCN 3 1.svg|LC IUCN 3 1.svg]] <small>Least concern</small><ref>{{cite iucn |author=Rand, P.S. |date=2011 |title=''Oncorhynchus nerka'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T135301A4071001 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T135301A4071001.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
|}
<small> &nbsp; &nbsp; <sup>†</sup> Both the ''Salmo'' and ''Oncorhynchus'' genera also contain a number of [[trout]] species informally referred to as salmon. Within ''Salmo'', the [[Adriatic salmon]] (''Salmo obtusirostris'') and [[Black Sea salmon]] (''Salmo labrax'') have both been named as salmon in [[English language|English]], although they fall outside the generally recognized seven salmon species. The [[masu salmon]] (''Oncorhynchus masou'') is actually considered a trout ("cherry trout") in [[Japan]], with ''masu'' actually being the [[Japanese language|Japanese]] word for trout. On the other hand, the [[steelhead]] and [[sea trout]], the anadromous forms of [[rainbow trout]] and [[brown trout]] respectively, are from the same genera as salmon and live identical migratory lives, but neither is termed "salmon" .</small>

{{common fish}}

The extinct ''[[Eosalmo driftwoodensis]]'', the oldest known [[Salmoninae]] fish in the [[fossil record]], helps scientists figure how the different species of salmon diverged from a [[common ancestor]]. The [[Eocene]] salmon's fossil from  [[British Columbia]] provides evidence that the divergence between Pacific and Atlantic salmon had not yet occurred 40 million years ago. Both the fossil record and analysis of [[mitochondrial DNA]] suggest the divergence occurred 10 to 20 million years ago during the [[Miocene]]. This independent evidence from [[DNA analysis]] and the fossil record indicate that salmon divergence occurred long before the [[Quaternary glaciation]] began the cycle of [[glacial]] advance and retreat.<ref>{{cite book |last=Montgomery |first=David |year=2004 |title=King of Fish |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Westview Press |isbn=0813342996 |pages=27–28 }}</ref>

=== Non-salmon species of "salmon" ===
There are several other species of fish which are colloquially called "salmon" but are not true salmon. Of those listed below, the Danube salmon or ''[[huchen]]'' is a large freshwater [[salmonid]] closely related (from the same subfamily) to the seven species of salmon above, but others are fishes of unrelated [[order (biology)|order]]s, given the common name "salmon" simply due to similar shapes, behaviors and [[ecological niche|niche]]s occupied:

{| class="wikitable collapsible"
|-
! colspan="11"| Some other fishes called salmon
|-
! Common name
! Scientific name
! Order
! Maximum<br/>length
! Common<br/>length
! Maximum<br/>weight
! Maximum<br/>age
! [[Trophic level|Trophic<br/>level]]
! [[FishBase|Fish<br/>Base]]
! [[FAO]]
! [[ITIS]]
! [[IUCN|IUCN status]]
|-
| [[Australian salmon]]
| ''Arripis trutta'' <small>(Forster, 1801)</small>
| [[Perciformes]]
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=89|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=47|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|9.4|kg|lb}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 26 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.1
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Arripis | species = trutta | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=168827 |taxon=Arripis trutta}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[Danube salmon]]
| ''Hucho hucho'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
| [[Salmoniformes]]
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=150|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=70|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|52|kg|lb}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 15 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.2
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Hucho | species = hucho | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=162024 |taxon=Hucho hucho}}</ref>
| [[File:EN IUCN 3 1.svg|EN IUCN 3 1.svg]] <small>Endangered</small><ref name=IUCNthynnus>{{cite iucn |author=Freyhof, J. |author2=Kottelat, M. |date=2008 |title=''Hucho hucho'' |volume=2008 |page=e.T10264A3186143 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T10264A3186143.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Hawaiian salmon]]
| ''Elagatis bipinnulata'' <small>(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)</small>
| [[Carangiformes]]
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=180|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=90|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|46.2|kg|lb}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 6 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.6
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Elagatis | species = bipinnulata | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | title = Species Fact Sheet: ''Elagatis bipinnulata'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) | url = http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3122/en | publisher = [[FAO]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181125090431/http://www.fao.org/home/en/index.html | archive-date = 25 November 2018 | url-status = live}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=168738 |taxon=Elagatis bipinnulata}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[Indian salmon]]
| ''Eleutheronema tetradactylum'' <small>(Shaw, 1804)</small>
| [[Perciformes]]
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=200|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{height|cm=50|precision=0}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|145|kg|lb}}
| style="text-align:right;"| years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.4
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Eleutheronema | species = tetradactylum | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=645505 |taxon=Eleutheronema tetradactylum}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|}