Editing Sakha Republic (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Sakha Republic Fauna.jpg|thumb|Fauna of the Sakha Republic: [[Ross's gull]], the [[Siberian crane]], [[polar bear]], [[horse]] and [[reindeer]]. Russian post miniature sheet, 2006.]]
* ''Borders'':
** ''internal'': [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]] (660&nbsp;km) (East and Northeast), [[Magadan Oblast]] (1520&nbsp;km) (East), [[Khabarovsk Krai]] (2130&nbsp;km) (Southeast), [[Amur Oblast]] (South), [[Zabaykalsky Krai]] (South), [[Irkutsk Oblast]] (South and Southwest), [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]] (West).
** ''water'': [[Arctic Ocean]] (including [[Laptev Sea]] and [[Eastern Siberian Sea]]) (North).
* ''Highest point'': [[Peak Pobeda, Sakha|Peak Pobeda]] (3,003&nbsp;m)
* ''Maximum N–S distance'': {{convert|2500|km|abbr=on}}
* ''Maximum E–W distance'': {{convert|2000|km|abbr=on}}
<!--*''Average elevation'':-->
Sakha stretches to the [[Henrietta Island]] in the far north and is washed by the [[Laptev Sea|Laptev]] and [[Eastern Siberian Sea]]s of the Arctic Ocean. These waters, the coldest and iciest of all seas in the Northern Hemisphere, are covered by ice for 9–10&nbsp;months of the year. [[New Siberian Islands]] are a part of the republic's territory. After [[Nunavut]] was separated from Canada's [[Northwest Territories]] in 1999, Sakha became the [[List of the largest country subdivisions by area|largest subnational entity]] ([[statoid]]) in the world, with an area of {{convert|3083523|km2|sp=us}},<ref name="area7" /> slightly smaller than the territory of [[India]] (3.3&nbsp;million km<sup>2</sup>), but still slightly larger than [[Argentina]].

Sakha can be divided into three great vegetation belts. About 40% of Sakha lies above the [[Arctic Circle]] and all of it is covered by [[permafrost]] which greatly influences the region's ecology and limits forests in the southern region. Arctic and subarctic [[tundra]] define the middle region, where [[lichen]] and [[moss]] grow as great green carpets and are favorite pastures for [[reindeer]]. In the southern part of the tundra belt, scattered stands of dwarf [[Siberian pine]] and [[larch]] grow along the rivers. Below the tundra is the vast [[taiga]] forest region. Larch trees dominate in the north and stands of [[fir]] and [[pine tree|pine]] begin to appear in the south. Taiga forests cover about 47% of Sakha and almost 90% of the cover is larch.

The Sakha Republic is the site of [[Pleistocene Park]], a project directed at recreating Pleistocene tundra grasslands by stimulating the growth of grass with the introduction of animals which thrived in the region during the late [[Pleistocene]]&nbsp;– early [[Holocene]] period.

===Time zones===
{{main|Time in Sakha}}
[[File:UTC hue4map RUS-SA 2011-09-01.svg|thumb|right|Time zones in Sakha
{|style=line-height:1
|{{color sample|#0000FF}} [[Yakutsk Time]] || [[UTC+09:00]]
|-
|{{color sample|#FF00FF}} [[Vladivostok Time]] || [[UTC+10:00]]
|-
|{{color sample|#FF0000}} [[Magadan Time]] || [[UTC+11:00]]
|}]]
Sakha is the only [[federal subject of Russia]] which uses more than one time zone. Sakha spans three time zones.<ref>[http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102148085 Federal law on the calculation of time], Official internet portal of legal information of the Russian Federation {{in lang|ru}}.</ref> Like the rest of Russia, it does not use [[daylight saving time]].
{| class=wikitable
! Map !! Time zone !! Abbr. !! {{nowrap|UTC offset}} !! Areas
|-
| [[File:Map of Russia - Yakutsk time zone.svg|75px]] || [[Yakutsk Time]] || YAKT || [[UTC+09:00]] || Most of the republic's territory
|-
| [[File:Map of Russia - Vladivostok time zone.svg|75px]] || {{nowrap|[[Vladivostok Time]]}} || VLAT || [[UTC+10:00]] || Districts of [[Oymyakonsky]], [[Ust-Yansky]] and [[Verkhoyansky]]
|-
| [[File:Map of Russia - Magadan time zone.svg|75px]] || [[Magadan Time]] || MAGT || [[UTC+11:00]] || Districts of [[Abyysky]], [[Allaikhovsky]], [[Momsky]], [[Nizhnekolymsky]], [[Srednekolymsky]] and [[Verkhnekolymsky]]
|}

===Rivers===
[[File:120 На стоянке в устье реки Ура.jpg|thumb|Ura River]]
[[File:Olyokma river.jpg|thumb|[[Olyokma River]]]]
[[File:Ленские столбы 2015 (121).JPG|thumb|[[Lena Pillars]]]]
The largest river is the navigable [[Lena River]] (4,400&nbsp;km). As it moves northward, it includes hundreds of small [[tributary|tributaries]] located in the [[Verkhoyansk Range]].
* [[Lena River]]
** [[Vilyuy River]] (2,650&nbsp;km) Lena River tributary
*** [[Markha River (Russia)|Markha River]] (1,181&nbsp;km) Vilyuy River tributary
**** [[Morkoka River]] (812&nbsp;km) Markha River tributary
*** [[Tyung River]] (1,092&nbsp;km) Vilyuy River tributary
** [[Aldan River]] (2,273&nbsp;km) Lena River tributary
*** [[Amga River]] (1,462&nbsp;km) Aldan River tributary
*** [[Maya River]] (1,053&nbsp;km) Aldan River tributary
*** [[Uchur River]] (812&nbsp;km) Aldan River tributary
** [[Olyokma River]] (1,320&nbsp;km) Lena River tributary
** [[Linde River]] (804&nbsp;km) Lena River tributary
** [[Nyuya River]] (798&nbsp;km) Lena River tributary
* [[Olenyok River]] (2,292&nbsp;km)
* [[Kolyma River]] (2,129&nbsp;km)
* [[Indigirka River]] (1,726&nbsp;km)
** [[Selennyakh River]] (796&nbsp;km) Indigirka River tributary
* [[Alazeya River]] (1,590&nbsp;km)
* [[Anabar River]] (939&nbsp;km)
* [[Yana River]] (872&nbsp;km)
** [[Adycha River]] (715&nbsp;km) Yana River tributary
** [[Oldzho River]] (330&nbsp;km) Yana River tributary
** [[Bytantay River]] (620&nbsp;km) Yana River tributary

===Lakes===
[[File:Перемена погоды.jpg|thumb|[[Lake Ozhogino]]]]
There are over 800,000&nbsp;lakes in the republic.<ref>[http://sakha.gov.ru/main.asp?c=2305] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103011518/http://sakha.gov.ru/main.asp?c=2305|date=January 3, 2007}}</ref> Major lakes and reservoirs include:
* [[Lake Bolshoye Morskoye]]
* [[Lake Bustakh]]
* [[Emanda]]
* [[Lake Mogotoyevo]]
* [[Nedzheli]]
* [[Lake Nerpichye (Sakha Republic)|Lake Nerpichye]]
* [[Lake Ozhogino]]
* [[Lake Suturuokha]]
* [[Tabanda]]
* [[Ulakhan-Kyuel]]
* [[Vilyuy Reservoir]]

===Mountains===
[[File:Yakutia - DSC 6186.jpg|thumb|[[Verkhoyansk Range]].]]
Sakha's greatest mountain range, the [[Verkhoyansk Range]], runs parallel and east of the Lena River, forming a great arc that begins in the [[Sea of Okhotsk]] and ends in the Laptev Sea.

The [[Chersky Range]] runs east of the Verkhoyansk Range and has the highest peak in Sakha, [[Peak Pobeda, Sakha|Peak Pobeda]] (3,003&nbsp;m - 9,852&nbsp;ft).  The second highest peak is [[Mus-Khaya Mountain|Peak Mus-Khaya]] reaching 2,959&nbsp;m (9,708&nbsp;ft).

The [[Stanovoy Range]] borders Sakha in the south.

===Peninsulas===
The Republic's extensive coastline contains a number of peninsulas; from west to east the most prominent are:
* Uryung-Tumus Peninsula
* Nordvik Peninsula
* Terpyay-Tumsa Peninsula
* Bykovsky Peninsula
* Buor-Khaya Peninsula
* Manyko Peninsula
* Shirokostan Peninsula
* Merkushina Strelka Peninsula
* Lopatka Peninsula
* Dogukan Peninsula

===Islands===
From west to east, the main islands of Sakha are:
* [[Preobrazheniya Island]]
* [[Bolshoy Begichev Island]]
* [[Maliy Begichev Island]]
* [[Peschany Island]]
* [[Salkay Island]]
* Orto Ary
* Daldalakh
* Dyangylakh Island
* [[Dunay Islands]]
* [[Leykina Island]]
* [[Lena River#Delta|Islands of the Lena Delta]]
* [[Brusneva Island]]
* [[Muostakh Island]]
* Ulakhan Ary Island
* [[Yarok Island]]
* [[Shelonsky Islands]]
* [[Makar Island]]
* [[Stolbovoy Island]]
* [[New Siberian Islands]] (by far the largest group)
* [[De Long Islands]]
* [[Medvezhyi Islands]]
* [[Kolesovsky Island]]
* [[Kolesovskaya Otmel]]
* Gabyshevskiy Island
* Kamenka Island
* Markhayanovskiy Island
* Gusmp Island
* Sukhanyy Island

===Natural resources===
[[Image:Udachnaya pipe.JPG|thumb|[[Udachnaya pipe]] diamond mine]]

Sakha is well endowed with raw materials. The soil contains large reserves of [[petroleum|oil]], gas, [[coal]], [[diamond]]s, [[gold]], [[silver]], [[tin]], [[tungsten]] and many others. Sakha produces 99% of all Russian diamonds and over 25% of the diamonds mined in the world.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Yakovleva|first1=Natalia P.|title=Natural resource use in the Russian North: a case study of diamond mining in the Republic of Sakha|journal=Environmental Management and Health|date=2000|volume=11|issue=4|pages=318–336|doi=10.1108/09566160010372743}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bohlen|first1=Celestine|title=Poor Region in Russia Lays Claim to Its Diamonds|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/01/world/poor-region-in-russia-lays-claim-to-its-diamonds.html|access-date=18 March 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1992}}</ref>

===Climate===
Sakha is known for its [[climate]] extremes, with the [[Verkhoyansk Range]] being the coldest area in the Northern Hemisphere. Some of the lowest natural temperatures ever recorded have been here. The [[Northern Hemisphere]]'s [[Pole of Cold]] is at [[Verkhoyansk]], where the temperatures reached as low as {{convert|−67.8|C}} in 1892 and 1885, and at [[Oymyakon]], where the temperatures reached as low as {{convert|−67.8|C}} in February 1934.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:60%;"
|+Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected locations in Yakutiya<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate Olyokminsk|url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/24944.htm|website=pogodaiklimat.ru|access-date=June 12, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Climate Oimjakon|url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/24688.htm|website=pogodaikilmat.ru|access-date=June 12, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Climate Verkhoyansk|url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/24266.htm|website=pogodaiklimat.ru|access-date=June 12, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Clunate Yakutsk|url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/24959.htm|website=pogodaiklimat.ru|access-date=June 12, 2017}}</ref>

|-
!City
!July (°C)
!July (°F)
!January (°C)
!January (°F)
|-
| [[Aldan, Russia|Aldan]] || 23.0/11.1 || 73.4/52.0 || −21.3/−30.1 || −6.3/−22.2
|-
| [[Neryungri]] || 22.3/11.2 || 72.1/52.2 || −26.2/−33.2 || −15.2/−27.8
|-
| [[Olyokminsk]] || 25.1/12.2 || 77.2/54.0 || −26.0/−33.9 || −14.8/−29.0
|-
| [[Oymyakon]] || 23.0/6.9 || 73.4/44.4 || −42.1/−49.3 || −43.8/−56.7
|-
| [[Verkhoyansk]] || 23.4/10.0 || 74.1/50.0 || −41.6/−47.7 || −42.9/−53.9
|-
| [[Yakutsk]] || 25.8/13.1 || 78.4/55.6 || −34.0/−39.8 || −29.2/−39.6
|-
| [[Saskylakh]] || 16.8/7.5 || 62.2/45.5 || −30.1/−37.5 || −22.2/−35.5
|-
| [[Tiksi]] || 12.7/4.7 || 54.9/40.5 || −25.9/−33.1 || −14.6/−27.6
|}

''Average annual [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]'': 200&nbsp;mm (central parts) to 700&nbsp;mm (mountains of Eastern Sakha).