Editing Saint Joseph's Day (section)

===Italy and San Marino===

In Italy, 19 March is also celebrated as [[Father's Day]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Father's Day in Italy in 2021 |url=https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/fathers-day |access-date=30 June 2020 |website=Office Holidays |language=en}}</ref> In the historical region of [[Romagna]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=18 March 2024 |title=18 marzo – La fugaràza 'd San Jusèf |trans-title=18 March – St Joseph's bonfire |url=https://www.chiamamicitta.it/18-marzo-la-fugaraza-d-san-jusef/ |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=Chiamami Città |language=it-IT}}</ref> including the independent [[Republic of San Marino]],<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=18 March 2024 |title=Fogheraccia 2024: dove andare a San Marino per i falò di San Giuseppe |trans-title=Fogheraccia 2024: Where to go in San Marino for St Joseph's bonfires |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/fogheraccia-2024-dove-andare-a-san-marino-per-i-falo-di-san-giuseppe-a256031 |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=[[San Marino RTV]] |language=it-SM}}</ref> bonfires known as the {{Lang|it|[[fogheraccia]]}} are lit on the eve of Saint Joseph's Day; the bonfires are especially popular in [[Rimini]],<ref name=":4" /> where they extend the length of the city's coastal conurbation from [[Cattolica]] to [[Cesenatico]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2023 |title=Fogheraccia 2023, dove andare in Romagna per i falò di San Giuseppe |trans-title=Fogheraccia 2023: Where to go in Romagna for the bonfires of St Joseph |url=https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/emilia-romagna/cosa-fare/fogheraccia-2023-san-giuseppe-broi7v2p |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=[[Il Resto del Carlino]] |language=it}}</ref> Bonfires are traditionally lit for Saint Joseph's Day in several other places in Italy outside Romagna, such as in [[Bobbio]], [[Emilia-Romagna]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Giurato |first=Flaminia |date=19 March 2015 |title=Bobbio, il rito antico per San Giuseppe |trans-title=Bobbio: The ancient rite for Saint Joseph's |url=https://www.lastampa.it/viaggi/2015/03/19/news/bobbio-il-rito-antico-per-san-giuseppe-1.35285276/ |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=[[La Stampa]] |language=it}}</ref> in [[Matera]], [[Basilicata]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2024 |title=L'annuncio di Bennardi, a Matera il falò di San Giuseppe si farà |trans-title=Bennardi's announcement: St Joseph's bonfire will take place in Matera |url=https://www.ansa.it/basilicata/notizie/2024/02/28/lannuncio-di-bennardi-a-matera-il-falo-di-san-giuseppe-si-fara_e2505603-872f-4624-8791-9047216f8a32.html |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=[[Agenzia ANSA]] |language=it}}</ref> in the [[Val Trebbia]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2014 |title=Bobbio, Festa di Primavera 2014 e Fuiè di San Giuseppe |trans-title=Bobbio: Spring Festival 2014 and the Fuiè di San Giuseppe |url=https://www.ilpiacenza.it/eventi/sagre/fiera-primavera-fuie-san-giuseppe-bobbio-19-marzo-2014.html |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=IlPiacenza |language=it}}</ref> and in [[Serracapriola]], [[Apulia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2019 |title=A Serracapriola torna "Ù Féòn", il tradizionale falò di San Giuseppe |trans-title="Ù Féòn", St Joseph's traditional bonfire, returns to Serracapriola |url=https://www.foggiatoday.it/eventi/u-feon-serracapriola-festa-san-giuseppe.html |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=FoggiaToday |language=it}}</ref> {{Lang|it|[[zeppola|Zeppole]]}} are traditionally fried on the bonfires in [[Itri]], [[Lazio]].<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2023 |title=A Itri i tradizionali Fuochi di San Giuseppe |trans-title=In Itri, the traditional St Joseph's Bonfires |url=https://www.latinatoday.it/eventi/fuochi-san-giuseppe-2023-itri.html |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=LatinaToday |language=it}}</ref>

In [[Calabria]], {{Lang|it|[[lagane e ceci]]}},<ref name=":33">{{Cite web |last=Gnisci |first=Annamaria |date=19 March 2023 |title=U Cumbitu: un antico e nobile gesto solidale |trans-title=U Cumbitu: An ancient and noble gesture of solidarity |url=https://www.calabriamagnifica.it/costume-e-societa/u-cumbitu-un-antico-e-nobile-gesto-solidale/ |access-date=9 April 2024 |website=Calabria Magnifica |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Pasta lagane e ceci: ricetta calabrese {{!}} Bottega di Calabria |url=https://www.bottegadicalabria.it/blog/ricetta-pasta-lagane-e-ceci |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=Bottega di Calabria |language=it}}</ref> a [[pasta dish]] containing [[Chickpea|chickpeas]],<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=19 March 2019 |title="U cumbitu", tradizione calabrese per San Giuseppe Storia di un gesto solidale esportato anche al Nord |trans-title="U cumbitu", the Calabrian tradition for Saint Joseph's: Story of a gesture of solidarity also exported to the North |url=https://www.quotidianodelsud.it/calabria/catanzaro/societa-e-cultura/la-storia/2019/03/19/u-cumbitu-tradizione-calabrese-per-san-giuseppe-storia-di-un-gesto-solidale-esportato-anche-al-nord |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Il Quotidiano del Sud |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite web |last=Campana |first=Gino |date=18 March 2023 |title=I signori medievali, San Giuseppe e la magia de "U'mmitu" |trans-title=The medieval lords, Saint Joseph, and the magic of "U'mmitu" |url=https://ecodellojonio.it/articoli/storie/2023/03/i-signori-medievali-san-giuseppe-e-la-magia-de-u-mmitu |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=EcoDelloJonio.it |language=it}}</ref> is shared among families and neighbours on Saint Joseph's Day.<ref name=":02" /> The custom, which is known as {{lang|it|[[u cumbitu]]}}, may have emerged in the 20th century,<ref name=":02" /> or have origins in [[Calabria]]'s medieval [[Feudalism|feudal]] society.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last= |date=11 March 2024 |title=U 'mmitu 'e San Giuseppe, il gusto della tradizione calabrese |trans-title=U 'mmitu 'e San Giuseppe: The taste of Calabrian tradition |url=https://www.calabriamagnifica.it/ristorazione/u-mmitu-e-san-giuseppe-il-gusto-della-tradizione-calabrese/ |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=Calabria Magnifica |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref name=":72" /> Rich families invited poorer people from their neighbourhood for a feast at their house.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=di Stilo |first=Umberto |date=16 March 2008 |title='U Cumbitu 'i San Giuseppi |url=https://www.galatroterme.it/arch_gen/cu08.htm |access-date=9 April 2024 |website=Galatro Terme News}}</ref> Some of the guests would dress as the [[Holy Family]],<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":33" /> sometimes extended to include [[Joachim]] and [[Saint Anne|Anne]], [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]]'s parents.<ref name=":1" /> The hostess would kiss guests' hands in an act of reverence.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=10 June 2023 |title=The Saint Joseph Invitation (U Mmito): a time-honored tradition of Orsomarso |url=https://orsomarso.info/the-saint-joseph-invitation-u-mmito-a-time-honored-tradition-of-orsomarso/?lang=en |access-date=9 April 2024 |website=orsomarso.info |language=en-US}}</ref> {{Lang|it|Lagane e ceci}} was served as the first dish,<ref name=":02" /> followed by pan-fried [[cod]] and {{Lang|it|[[zeppole]]}},<ref name=":1" /> the dessert typically associated with Saint Joseph in Calabria.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last=Bisciglia |first=Valeria |date=19 March 2021 |title=Food and wine in Calabria for the San Giuseppe's Day |url=https://www.leviedellaperla.it/en/san-giuseppe-day/ |access-date=9 April 2024 |website=Le Vie della Perla |language=en-US}}</ref> After the meal, guests would be given leftovers to take home to their relatives.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> {{lang|it|U cumbitu}} notably suspended class structures in Calabria, which was particularly afflicted by poverty and hunger,<ref name=":1" /> and was a symbol of [[Solidarity|social solidarity]] and fraternity.<ref name=":33" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last= |date=6 March 2020 |title=Festa di San Giuseppe in Calabria: Il Ritratto di Un'antica Tradizione |trans-title=Feast of San Giuseppe in Calabria: The ancient tradition |url=https://www.turismo-calabria.it/festa-di-san-giuseppe-in-calabria/ |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=Turismo Calabria |language=it-IT}}</ref>

==== Sicily ====
In [[Sicily]] and in many [[Italian American|Italian-American]] communities, giving food to the needy is a Saint Joseph's Day custom. In some communities it is traditional to wear red clothing and eat {{Lang|it|zeppole}}.<ref name="non-stop">{{cite web|url=http://members.aol.com/nonstopny/italiano/stjoseph.htm|title=Non-Stop New York's Italianissimo: La Festa di San Giuseppe NYC-Style|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=AOL|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107115306/http://members.aol.com/nonstopny/italiano/stjoseph.htm|archive-date=7 November 2006|access-date=}}</ref> A traditional Sicilian dish especially associated with Saint Joseph's Day is ''Maccu di San Giuseppe'', which consists of [[maccu]] and various ingredients.<ref name="Clarkson">{{cite book |author=Clarkson, Janet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOzYAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA262 |title=Food History Almanac |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2013 |isbn=978-1442227156 |pages=262}}</ref>

One prominent custom is the Saint Joseph's Day altar, which are elaborately decorated with figurines, medals, and votive candles. The altar is divided into three tiers, representing the three persons of the [[Trinity]], with a statue of Joseph at its head. The tables are dressed with food, which is donated to the poor on the solemnity.<ref name="neworleans">{{cite web |title=St. Joseph's Day Altars |url=https://www.neworleans.com/events/holidays-seasonal/saint-josephs-day/ |website=www.neworleans.com |publisher=City of New Orleans |access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> On the altar, people place flowers, limes, candles, wine, fava beans, specially prepared cakes, breads, and cookies (as well as other meatless dishes), and {{Lang|it|zeppole}}. Foods are traditionally served containing bread crumbs to represent sawdust since Joseph was a carpenter. Because the feast occurs during Lent, traditionally no meat was allowed on the celebration table.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.houstonculture.org/laproject/stjo.html|title=Louisiana Project – St. Joseph's Day Altars|work=houstonculture.org}}</ref>

According to legend, Saint Joseph interceded to relieve a famine in Sicily during the Middle Ages. There was a severe drought at the time, and the people prayed for their patron saint to bring them rain. They promised that if God answered their prayers through Joseph's intercession, they would prepare a large feast to honor him. The rain did come, and the people of Sicily prepared a large banquet for their patron saint. The [[fava bean]] was the crop which saved the population from starvation and is a traditional part of Saint Joseph's Day altars and traditions.<ref name="Jankowski">{{cite web |last1=Jankowski |first1=Nicole |title=Move Over, St. Patrick: St. Joseph's Feast Is When Italians Parade |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/03/18/519987433/move-over-st-patrick-st-josephs-feast-is-when-italians-parade |website=NPR.org |date=18 March 2017 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> On the Sicilian island of [[Lipari]], a variant of the legend says that sailors returning from the mainland encountered a fierce storm that threatened to sink their boat. They prayed to Saint Joseph for deliverance, and when they were saved, they swore to honor the saint each year on his feast day.{{citation needed|date=March 2021|reason=citation for legend in Lipara}}

In [[Bagheria]], Saint Joseph is even celebrated twice a year, the second time being held especially for people from Bagheria who come back for summer vacation from other parts of Italy or abroad.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}