Editing Saint John, New Brunswick (section)

==Geography and climate==

===Physical geography===
[[File:St Martins NB covered bridge.jpg|thumb|left|Covered bridges dot the Greater Saint John region.]]

Situated in the south-central portion of the province, along the north shore of the Bay of Fundy at the mouth of the Saint John River, the city is split by the south-flowing river and the east side is bordered on the north by the Kennebecasis River where it meets the Saint John River at Grand Bay. The city hosts many beaches and is just east of [[New River Beach Provincial Park]]. Saint John Harbour, where the two rivers meet the Bay of Fundy, is a deep water port and ice-free all year long. Partridge Island is in the harbour. The city land area is {{convert|315.96|sqkm|abbr=on}}, and the metropolitan area covers {{convert|3509.62|sqkm|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1301006&Geo2=CMACA&Code2=310&SearchText=Saint%20John&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=310&TABID=1&type=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref>

Stonehammer [[UNESCO]] Geopark, the first Geopark in North America, is centred around Saint John. The Geopark has been recognized by UNESCO as having exceptional geological significance. The park contains rock formations that date back to the Precambrian era and some of the rocks may be a billion years old.

The Saint John River itself flows into the [[Bay of Fundy]] through a narrow gorge several hundred metres wide at the centre of the city. It contains a unique phenomenon called the [[Reversing Falls]] where the diurnal tides of the bay reverse the water flow of the river for several kilometres. A series of underwater ledges at the narrowest point of this gorge also create a series of rapids.

The topography surrounding Saint John is hilly; a result of the influence of two coastal mountain ranges which run along the Bay of Fundy&nbsp;– the ''St. Croix Highlands'' and the ''Caledonia Highlands''. The soil throughout the region is extremely rocky with frequent granite outcrops. The coastal plain hosts numerous freshwater lakes in the eastern, western and northern parts of the city.

In Saint John the height difference from low to high [[tide]] is approximately 8 metres (28&nbsp;ft) due to the funnelling effect of the Bay of Fundy as it narrows. The Reversing Falls in Saint John, actually an area of strong rapids, provides one example of the power of these tides; at every high tide, ocean water is pushed through a narrow gorge in the middle of the city and forces the Saint John River to reverse its flow for several hours.

===Architecture===
{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Saint John, New Brunswick}}

[[File:DJI 20250223074726 0273 D copy.jpg|thumb|Uptown is full of century-old buildings]]
[[File:Germain Street Brunswick Square and Office Tower.jpg|thumb|upright|Brunswick Square office tower]]
[[File:SaintJohnMarketExterior.jpg|thumb|[[Saint John City Market]]]]
Saint John, especially in its Uptown region, features a multitude of architectural styles spanning from the 19th and early 20th centuries, with residences and buildings containing [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]], [[Romanesque Revival architecture|Romanesque Revival]], and [[Second Empire style|Second Empire]] architectural styles.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arif |first1=Hassan |title=Saint John: Photos of an underappreciated city |url=http://spacing.ca/atlantic/2016/07/21/saint-john-underappreciated-city-photo-essay/ |access-date=28 August 2023 |work=Spacing Atlantic |date=21 July 2016}}</ref> Over time, the city would see the use of [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]], [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]], [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]], [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]], Second Empire and [[Queen Anne style architecture in the United States|Queen Anne]] style architecture.<ref>{{cite web |title=Architectural Styles in Saint John 1785–1915 |url=https://saintjohn.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?appid=ba37d406829a4e16854c84990937d229 |website=saintjohn.maps.arcgis.com |publisher=[[City of Saint John]] |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref>

As Saint John rebuilt from the [[Great Fire of Saint John|Great Fire]] in 1877, buildings would start to be constructed using brick and stone rather than wood.<ref>{{cite news |title=SAINT JOHN. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1KRKAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5 |access-date=6 March 2024 |work=Montreal Herald |date=24 June 1889}}</ref> During the late 19th to early 20th centuries, the most popular styles in the city were [[Queen Anne style architecture|Queen Anne]] and [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] architecture. In 1911, a proposed city hall was to share [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] and Second Empire architectural styles. Over time, the city would no longer adopt some of these styles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Music of the Eye II: Architectural Drawings of Saint John and Its Region |url=https://www.nbm-mnb.ca/exhibition/music-of-the-eye-ii-architectural-drawings-of-saint-john-and-its-region/ |website=NBM-MNB |publisher=New Brunswick Museum |access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref> Buildings in Saint John also feature stone carvings and sculptures.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Julia |title=The story behind Saint John's strange stone carvings |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/chubbs-corner-gargoyles-saint-john-architecture-1.4483196 |access-date=28 August 2023 |work=CBC |date=April 27, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Visit Saint John and Discover Saint Awesome |url=https://www.maritimesmaven.com/new-blog-1/2020/8/26/visit-saint-john-and-discover-saint-awesome |access-date=28 August 2023 |work=MARITIMES MAVEN |date=26 August 2020}}</ref>

In 1982, Saint John introduced the [[Trinity Royal Heritage Conservation Area]], which serves to preserve historic districts and buildings in the city.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trinity Royal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/512376198/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |work=[[National Post]] |date=14 May 1983 |page=53}}</ref> The Saint John Preservation Areas By-Law regulates exterior work done to these properties in a way that preserves the historic architecture in buildings built prior to 1915.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trinity Royal – The Historic Heart of Saint John |url=http://www.trinityroyal.com/BH-by-law.cfm |access-date=6 March 2024 |date=10 October 2008 |archive-date=10 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010155048/http://www.trinityroyal.com/BH-by-law.cfm |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Only a few modern monoliths mar Saint John's skyline |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/424051694/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |work=[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]] |date=25 April 1992 |page=91}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Saint John blends old and new in renewal of its city centre |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/426009536/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |work=[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]] |date=14 May 2005 |page=133}}</ref>

List of buildings in Saint John:
* Courtney Bay Smokestacks (each {{convert|106.7|m|abbr=on}})
* [[Brunswick Square (building complex)|Brunswick Square]] ({{convert|80.8|m|abbr=on}}) 19-storey office tower with {{convert|511032|ft2|abbr=on}} which was built in 1976. It is the largest office building in New Brunswick in terms of square footage and second in Atlantic Canada behind the [[Maritime Centre (Halifax)|Maritime Centre]] in [[Halifax Regional Municipality|Halifax]].
* [[Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Saint John, New Brunswick)|Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception]] (Gothic style Catholic cathedral, construction began in 1853, its spire rises to {{convert|70.1|m|abbr=on}})
* [[Saint John City Hall]] ({{convert|55.2|m|abbr=on}}) 16-storey office building ({{convert|165000|ft2|abbr=on}})
* Brunswick House ({{convert|52|m|abbr=on}}) 14-storey office building ({{convert|103000|ft2|abbr=on}})<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.commercial-properties.ca/selectedproperties/brunswickhouse.html|title= Commercial Properties|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120419075422/http://www.commercial-properties.ca/selectedproperties/brunswickhouse.html|archive-date= April 19, 2012}}</ref>
* Irving Building ({{convert|50|m|abbr=on}}) 14-storey office building<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.jdirving.com|title= JD Irving}}</ref>
* Harbourside Senior Citizens Housing Complex ({{convert|43|m|abbr=on}}) 12-storey apartment building
* Harbour Building ({{convert|37|m|abbr=on}}) 10-storey office building
* Mercantile Centre ({{convert|30|m|abbr=on}}) 7-storey office building ({{convert|106600|ft2|abbr=on}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbre.ca/|title=Canada|website=cbre.ca}}</ref>
* Chateau Saint John 8-storey hotel (112 rooms)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chateausaintjohn.ca/en/|title=Home|website=chateausaintjohn.ca}}</ref>
* [[Saint John City Market|City Market]] (built in 1876, oldest city market in North America, with an original ship's hull roof design)
* [[Loyalist House]] (built in 1817)
* [[Irving Oil Home Office]] (2019) 11-storey office building

===Parks and nature===
{{Expand section|date=July 2023}}
Saint John is home to the historic [[King's Square, Saint John|King's Square]], an [[urban park]] located in the city's Uptown region.<ref>{{cite web |title=King's Square |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/parks-and-recreation/parks-and-trails/kings-square |website=King's Square {{!}} City of Saint John, New Brunswick}}</ref> Multiple historic buildings are located by the park, including the [[Saint John City Market]], the [[Imperial Theatre, Saint John|Imperial Theatre]], as well as the former [[Admiral Beatty Hotel]]. King's Square's counterpart, Queen Square, is another urban park located a few blocks south from it.<ref name="QueenSquareSJ">{{cite web |title=Queen Square |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/parks-and-recreation/parks-and-trails/queen-square |website=saintjohn.ca |publisher=City of Saint John, New Brunswick |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref> Queen Square features an annual outdoor [[farmers market]] which runs through the summer months.<ref>{{cite web |title=Queen Square Farmers Market {{!}} Discover Saint John |url=https://www.discoversaintjohn.com/event/queen-square-farmers-market |website=discoversaintjohn.com |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=MacRae |first1=Avery |title=Queen's Square Farmers Market drawing big crowds early in the season |url=https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/queen-s-square-farmers-market-drawing-big-crowds-early-in-the-season-1.6436826 |access-date=4 January 2024 |work=[[CTV Atlantic]] |date=11 June 2023}}</ref>

Located in west Saint John is the [[Irving Nature Park]], located in the city's west side and measuring {{convert|600|acre|hectare}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Irving Nature Park |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/parks-and-recreation/parks-and-trails/irving-nature-park |website=Irving Nature Park {{!}} City of Saint John, New Brunswick}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Explore the Irving Nature Park {{!}} Discover Saint John |url=https://www.discoversaintjohn.com/place/explore-irving-nature-park |website=discoversaintjohn.com}}</ref> Saint John is also home to [[Rockwood Park (Saint John, New Brunswick)|Rockwood Park]], a large municipal park located to the east of the [[Millidgeville, New Brunswick|Millidgeville]] neighbourhood.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rockwood Park |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/parks-and-recreation/parks-and-trails/rockwood-park |website=saintjohn.ca |publisher=City of Saint John, New Brunswick |access-date=29 February 2024}}</ref> Designed in the 19th century by [[landscape designer]] [[Calvert Vaux]], one of the designers for [[New York City]]'s [[Central Park]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Rockwood Park |url=https://stonehammergeopark.com/geosites/rockwood-park/ |website=Stonehammer UNESCO Global Geopark |access-date=29 February 2024}}</ref> It features 2,200 acres of park area, ten lakes, and 55 trails and footpaths.<ref>{{cite web |title=ROCKWOOD PARK |url=https://www.rockwoodpark.ca/ |website=rockwoodpark.ca |publisher=Rockwood Park |access-date=29 February 2024}}</ref>

===Neighbourhoods===
[[File:Row houses in Saint John.JPG|thumb|right|Row houses in Saint John]]
According to Saint John mapping data, the city has 33 neighborhoods categorized into four groups: North, East, South and West.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neighbourhoods |url=https://catalogue-saintjohn.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/338f69c642454516b877085043966e96_0/explore?location=45.285098%2C-66.029587%2C12.52 |website=catalogue-saintjohn.opendata.arcgis.com |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Neighbourhoods |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods |website=saintjohn.ca |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref>
* North: North End (mostly the former city of [[Portland Parish, New Brunswick|Portland]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=North End |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/north-end |website=North End |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023|date=26 June 2022}}</ref> Pokiok,<ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=3129 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> Douglas Avenue, Churchill Boulevard, Cedar Point,<ref>{{cite web |title=Millidgeville/Cedar Point |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/millidgevillecedar-point |website=Millidgeville/Cedar Point |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023|date=15 May 2022}}</ref> [[Millidgeville]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=2586 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> Mount Pleasant,<ref>{{cite news |title=Demolition of Mount Pleasant homes is 'quite sad' |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/demolition-of-mount-pleasant-homes-is-quite-sad-1.1378525 |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=CBC |date=July 8, 2013}}</ref> Kennebecasis Bay, and Brookville.<ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=469 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="Brookville-Glen">{{cite web |title=Brookville/Glen Falls |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/brookvilleglen-falls |website=Brookville/Glen Falls |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023|date=24 April 2022}}</ref> Cedar Point is the site of the city's only completely French school and community centre, [[École Samuel-de-Champlain|Centre Scolaire Communautaire Samuel-de-Champlain]]. The area includes one of Canada's largest urban parks, [[Rockwood Park, Saint John|Rockwood Park]].
* East: East Saint John, McAllister,<ref>{{cite web |title=East Saint John/ McAllister |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/east-saint-john-mcallister |website=East Saint John/ McAllister |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023|date=14 August 2022}}</ref> Champlain Heights,<ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=699 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> Eastwood,<ref>{{cite web |title=Champlain Heights/Eastwood |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/champlain-heightseastwood |website=Champlain Heights/Eastwood |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023|date=24 April 2022}}</ref> Red Head,<ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=3271 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Red Head |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/red-head |website=Red Head |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023|date=15 May 2022}}</ref> Forest Hills,<ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=1336 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> Lakewood,<ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=2040 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Forest Hills/Lakewood |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/forest-hillslakewood |website=Forest Hills/Lakewood |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023|date=1 August 2022}}</ref> Glen Falls,<ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=1461 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="Brookville-Glen"/> Latimer Lake,<ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=2060 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> and Loch Lomond.<ref>{{cite web |title=Loch Lomond/Latimer Lake |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/loch-lomondlatimer-lake |website=Loch Lomond/Latimer Lake |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=2182 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref>
* South: Typically referred to as the South Central Peninsula.<ref>{{cite news |title=City Gets Glimpse Of What Saint Johners Think About South Central Peninsula |url=https://www.country94.ca/2017/06/29/city-gets-glimpse-of-what-saint-johners-think-about-south-central-peninsula/ |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=Country 94}}</ref><ref name="SouthCentralPeninsula">{{cite web |title=South Central Peninsula |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/south-central-peninsula |website=South Central Peninsula |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023|date=3 April 2022}}</ref> Includes Uptown, Germain Street, Broad Street (although the mapping data refers to the area as Broad Street, it is commonly known as South End,<ref name="SouthCentralPeninsula"/> which formerly encompassed Lower Cove),<ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=2242 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> Orange Street, and [[Waterloo Village, Saint John|Waterloo Village]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Desk |first1=Atlantic Briefs |title=New 45-unit apartment complex with 23 affordable units proposed for Waterloo Village in Saint John, N.B. {{!}} SaltWire |url=https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/business/new-45-unit-apartment-complex-with-23-affordable-units-proposed-for-waterloo-village-in-saint-john-nb-100882120/ |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=saltwire.com |date=August 11, 2023}}</ref> On the east side of [[Saint John Harbour]] and the area immediately opposite on the west side are the sites of the original city. Now includes the central business district and the [[Trinity Royal Heritage Conservation Area]], which together are referred to as Uptown.
* West: [[Saint John West]] (includes [[Carleton, New Brunswick|Carleton]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=3519 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=627 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> Lower West Side,<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint John West |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/saint-john-west |website=Saint John West |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023|date=10 July 2022}}</ref> Sand Cove,<ref>{{cite web |title=Sand Cove |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/sand-cove |website=Sand Cove |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=3624 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> Fairville,<ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=1265 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> Island View,<ref>{{cite web |title=Island View/Fairville |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/island-viewfairville |website=Island View/Fairville |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=1857 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> [[Lorneville, New Brunswick|Lorneville]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=2210 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> Ocean Westway,<ref>{{cite web |title=Ocean Westway/Lorneville |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/ocean-westwaylorneville |website=Ocean Westway/Lorneville |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> Milford-Randolph,<ref>{{cite web |title=Milford Randolph |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/milford-randolph |website=Milford Randolph |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023|date=24 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=2561 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=3222 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> and South Bay.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Bay |url=https://saintjohn.ca/en/saint-john-new-brunswick/neighbourhoods/south-bay |website=South Bay |publisher=City of Saint John |access-date=2 October 2023|date=24 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick |url=https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/communities/Details.aspx?culture=en-CA&community=3804 |website=archives.gnb.ca |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> Collectively referred to as West Side, but [[Lancaster, New Brunswick|Lancaster]] was a notable former municipality.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}

===Climate===
{{update|date=February 2025|part=climate normals; change it from 1981 - 2010 to 1991 - 2020}}
{{climate chart
| Saint John
| −13.6 | −2.7 | 139
| −12.7 | −1.9 |  94
|  −7.3 |  2.3 | 118
|  −1.2 |  8.3 | 104
|   4.0 | 14.8 | 118
|   8.4 | 19.5 | 101
|  11.7 | 22.4 | 102
|  11.6 | 22.2 |  90
|   7.7 | 17.7 | 117
|   2.7 | 11.9 | 125
|  −2.1 |  6.0 | 134
|  −9.7 |  0.3 | 149
| float  = right
| clear  = none
| source = Environment Canada<ref>{{cite web
| publisher =[[Environment Canada]]
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=6250&prov=&lang=e&dCode=1&dispBack=1&StationName=saint_john&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12
| title = Saint John A
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000
|date = 19 January 2011| access-date = September 30, 2013}}</ref>
}}

The climate of Saint John is [[Humid continental climate|humid continental]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''[[Humid continental climate#Dfb/Dwb/Dsb: Warm summer subtype|Dfb]]''). The Bay of Fundy never fully freezes, thus moderating the winter temperatures compared with inland locations. Even so, with the prevailing wind blowing from the west (from land to sea), the average January temperature is about {{convert|-8.2|C}}. Summers are usually warm to hot, and daytime temperatures often exceed {{convert|25|C}}. The highest temperature recorded in a given year is usually {{convert|30|or|31|C|0}}. The confluence of cold Bay of Fundy air and inland warmer temperatures often creates onshore winds that bring periods of fog and cooler temperatures during the summer months.

Precipitation in Saint John totals about {{convert|1295|mm|abbr=on}} annually and is well distributed throughout the year, although the late autumn and early winter are typically the wettest time of year. Snowfalls can often be heavy, but rain is as common as snow in winter, and it is not unusual for the ground to be snow-free even in mid-winter.

The highest temperature ever recorded in Saint John was {{convert|34.5|C|0}} on June 20, 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?StationID=50310 | title=Daily Data Report for August 2024 - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada }}</ref><ref name="CCN"/> The coldest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|-36.7|C|0}} on February 11, 1948.<ref name="CCN"/>

{{Weather box
| location = Saint John ([[Saint John Airport]]), elevation: {{convert|103|m|abbr=on}}, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1871–present{{efn|Based on station coordinates provided by Environment Canada, climate data recorded near downtown Saint John from January 1871 to September 1970, and at [[Saint John Airport]] from November 1946 to present.}}
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan maximum humidex = 16.8
| Feb maximum humidex = 13.3
| Mar maximum humidex = 27.0
| Apr maximum humidex = 23.8
| May maximum humidex = 35.4
| Jun maximum humidex = 42.0
| Jul maximum humidex = 40.3
| Aug maximum humidex = 40.3
| Sep maximum humidex = 39.4
| Oct maximum humidex = 28.3
| Nov maximum humidex = 24.0
| Dec maximum humidex = 19.8
| year maximum humidex = 42.0
| Jan record high C = 14.5
| Feb record high C = 13.3
| Mar record high C = 25.4
| Apr record high C = 22.8
| May record high C = 33.0
| Jun record high C = 34.5
| Jul record high C = 33.7
| Aug record high C = 34.4
| Sep record high C = 33.9
| Oct record high C = 28.9
| Nov record high C = 21.7
| Dec record high C = 16.4
| year record high C = 34.5
| Jan high C = −2.5
| Feb high C = −1.5
| Mar high C = 2.4
| Apr high C = 8.5
| May high C = 15.0
| Jun high C = 19.6
| Jul high C = 22.6
| Aug high C = 22.4
| Sep high C = 18.2
| Oct high C = 12.3
| Nov high C = 6.4
| Dec high C = 0.5
| year high C = 10.3
| Jan mean C = −7.9
| Feb mean C = −7.1
| Mar mean C = -2.5
| Apr mean C = 3.7
| May mean C = 9.5
| Jun mean C = 14.0
| Jul mean C = 17.1
| Aug mean C = 16.8
| Sep mean C = 13.0
| Oct mean C = 7.6
| Nov mean C = 2.3
| Dec mean C = -4.4
| year mean C = 5.2
| Jan low C = −13.3
| Feb low C = −12.6
| Mar low C = −7.4
| Apr low C = −1.2
| May low C = 3.9
| Jun low C = 8.4
| Jul low C = 11.6
| Aug low C = 11.2
| Sep low C = 7.7
| Oct low C = 2.8
| Nov low C = −1.9
| Dec low C = −9.3
| year low C = 0.0
| Jan record low C = −33.2
| Feb record low C = −36.7
| Mar record low C = -30.0
| Apr record low C = −16.7
| May record low C = −7.8
| Jun record low C = −2.2
| Jul record low C = 1.1
| Aug record low C = −0.6
| Sep record low C = −6.7
| Oct record low C = −10.6
| Nov record low C = −16.9
| Dec record low C = −34.4
| year record low C = −36.7
| Jan chill = -44.8
| Feb chill = -44.4
| Mar chill = -39.5
| Apr chill = -26.1
| May chill = -13.9
| Jun chill = -2.6
| Jul chill = 0.0
| Aug chill = 0.0
| Sep chill = -5.7
| Oct chill = -12.9
| Nov chill = -25.9
| Dec chill = -41.9
| year chill = -44.8
| precipitation colour = green
| rain colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 123.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 91.0
| Mar precipitation mm = 108.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 105.3
| May precipitation mm = 109.8
| Jun precipitation mm = 101.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 88.4
| Aug precipitation mm = 81.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 105.6
| Oct precipitation mm = 116.4
| Nov precipitation mm = 134.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 130.4
| year precipitation mm = 1295.5
| Jan rain mm = 66.1
| Feb rain mm = 49.0
| Mar rain mm = 66.6
| Apr rain mm = 85.7
| May rain mm = 108.5
| Jun rain mm = 101.0
| Jul rain mm = 88.4
| Aug rain mm = 81.7
| Sep rain mm = 105.6
| Oct rain mm = 115.8
| Nov rain mm = 123.7
| Dec rain mm = 84.0
| year rain mm = 1076.0
| Jan snow cm = 64.3
| Feb snow cm = 48.4
| Mar snow cm = 44.4
| Apr snow cm = 20.0
| May snow cm = 1.2
| Jun snow cm = 0.0
| Jul snow cm = 0.0
| Aug snow cm = 0.0
| Sep snow cm = 0.0
| Oct snow cm = 0.5
| Nov snow cm = 10.8
| Dec snow cm = 49.9
| year snow cm = 239.6
| unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
| unit rain days = 0.2 mm
| unit snow days = 0.2 cm
| Jan precipitation days = 16.2
| Feb precipitation days = 12.8
| Mar precipitation days = 14.0
| Apr precipitation days = 13.9
| May precipitation days = 13.7
| Jun precipitation days = 12.9
| Jul precipitation days = 11.5
| Aug precipitation days = 10.5
| Sep precipitation days = 10.5
| Oct precipitation days = 11.9
| Nov precipitation days = 14.4
| Dec precipitation days = 15.6
| year precipitation days = 157.9
| Jan rain days = 6.7
| Feb rain days = 5.3
| Mar rain days = 7.6
| Apr rain days = 11.0
| May rain days = 13.6
| Jun rain days = 12.9
| Jul rain days = 11.5
| Aug rain days = 10.5
| Sep rain days = 10.5
| Oct rain days = 11.7
| Nov rain days = 12.5
| Dec rain days = 8.3
| year rain days = 122.1
| Jan snow days = 12.9
| Feb snow days = 10.2
| Mar snow days = 9.4
| Apr snow days = 5.1
| May snow days = 0.5
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.5
| Nov snow days = 3.9
| Dec snow days = 10.2
| year snow days = 52.6
| Jan sun = 124.9
| Feb sun = 124.5
| Mar sun = 149.9
| Apr sun = 165.9
| May sun = 199.0
| Jun sun = 211.6
| Jul sun = 225.9
| Aug sun = 216.8
| Sep sun = 181.9
| Oct sun = 147.8
| Nov sun = 97.0
| Dec sun = 102.0
| year sun = 1947.3
| Jan percentsun = 44.0
| Feb percentsun = 42.6
| Mar percentsun = 40.7
| Apr percentsun = 41.0
| May percentsun = 43.2
| Jun percentsun = 45.3
| Jul percentsun = 47.7
| Aug percentsun = 49.6
| Sep percentsun = 48.3
| Oct percentsun = 43.4
| Nov percentsun = 33.8
| Dec percentsun = 37.4
| year percentsun = 43.1
| source 1 = [[Environment Canada]]<ref name="CCN">
{{cite web
| publisher =[[Environment Canada]]
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=6250&lang=e&dCode=1&province=NB&provBut=Go&month1=0&month2=12
| title = Saint John A
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010
|date = 31 October 2011| access-date = May 12, 2014}}</ref><ref name= climate >
{{cite web
| publisher =[[Environment Canada]]
| url =ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/NB/
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20201031190320/ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/NB/
| url-status =dead
| archive-date =2020-10-31
| title = Saint John A
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010
| access-date = September 30, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Saint John">
{{cite web
| publisher =[[Environment Canada]]
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=saint+john&searchMethod=contains&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&optLimit=specDate&Year=1871&Month=1&Day=1&selRowPerPage=25
| title = Saint John
| work = Canadian Climate Data
|date = 31 October 2011| access-date = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref name="March record high humidex" >
{{cite web
| publisher =[[Environment Canada]]
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/hourly_data_e.html?hlyRange=1953-01-01%7C2012-06-07&dlyRange=1946-11-01%7C2012-06-09&mlyRange=1947-01-01%7C2008-01-01&StationID=6250&Prov=NB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=3&searchMethod=contains&Month=3&Day=21&txtStationName=saint+john&timeframe=1&Year=2012
| title = Hourly Data Report for March 21, 2012
| work = Canadian Climate Data
|date = 31 October 2011| access-date = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref name="March 2012" >
{{cite web
| publisher =[[Environment Canada]]
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=1953-01-01%7C2012-06-07&dlyRange=1946-11-01%7C2012-06-09&mlyRange=1947-01-01%7C2008-01-01&StationID=6250&Prov=NB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=3&searchMethod=contains&Month=3&Day=21&txtStationName=saint+john&timeframe=2&Year=2012
| title = Daily Data Report for March 2012
| work = Canadian Climate Data
|date = 31 October 2011| access-date = June 26, 2016}}</ref>
| date = February 2016
| source =
}}