Editing Rubella (section)

===Congenital rubella syndrome===
{{main|Congenital rubella syndrome}}
[[File: Cataracts due to Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) PHIL 4284 lores.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Child with cataracts in both eyes due to congenital rubella syndrome]]
Rubella can cause [[congenital rubella syndrome]] in the newborn, this being the most severe sequela of rubella. The syndrome (CRS) follows intrauterine infection by the rubella virus and comprises cardiac, cerebral, ophthalmic, and auditory defects.<ref name="pmid15259032">{{cite journal|vauthors=Atreya CD, Mohan KV, Kulkarni S|title=Rubella virus and birth defects: molecular insights into the viral teratogenesis at the cellular level|journal=Birth Defects Res. A|volume=70|issue=7|pages=431–7|year=2004|pmid=15259032|doi=10.1002/bdra.20045|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1229123|access-date=2019-07-05|archive-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806213719/https://zenodo.org/record/1229123|url-status=live}}</ref> It may also cause prematurity, low birth weight, neonatal thrombocytopenia, anemia, and hepatitis. The risk of major defects in [[organogenesis]] is highest for infection in the [[Pregnancy#First trimester|first trimester]]. CRS is the main reason a vaccine for rubella was developed.<ref name="pmid16580940">{{cite journal|vauthors=De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Caruso A |title=Rubella infection in pregnancy|journal=Reprod. Toxicol.|volume=21|issue=4|pages=390–8|year=2006|pmid=16580940|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.014}}</ref>

80–90% of mothers who contract rubella within the critical first trimester have either a miscarriage or a stillborn baby.<ref name="pmid16022642" /> If the fetus survives the infection, it can be born with severe heart disorders ([[patent ductus arteriosus]] being the most common), blindness, deafness, or other life-threatening organ disorders. The skin manifestations are called "blueberry muffin lesions".<ref name="pmid16580940"/> For these reasons, rubella is included in the [[TORCH complex]] of perinatal infections.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TORCH Syndrome |url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/torch-syndrome/ |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders) |language=en-US |archive-date=2017-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627074729/https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/torch-syndrome/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Epps |first1=R E |last2=Pittelkow |first2=M R |last3=Su |first3=W P |date=1995-06-01 |title=TORCH syndrome |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/s1085-5629(05)80016-1 |journal=Seminars in Dermatology |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=179–186 |doi=10.1016/s1085-5629(05)80016-1 |issn=0278-145X |pmid=7640200 |access-date=2022-05-18 |archive-date=2023-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113143047/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1085562905800161 |url-status=live }}</ref>

About 100,000 cases of this condition occur each year.<ref name=Lambert15/>