Editing Royal Marines (section)

=== Origins ===
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The Royal Marines trace their origins back to 28 October 1664 when '''the Duke of York and Albany's Maritime Regiment of Foot''' was formed at the grounds of the [[Honourable Artillery Company]].<ref name="Origins of Royal Marines" />

The 'first official' unit of English naval infantry, originally called the '''Duke of York and Albany's Maritime Regiment of Foot''' and soon becoming known as the '''Admiral's Regiment''', was formed on 28 October 1664, with an initial strength of 1,200 infantrymen recruited from the [[Trained Bands]] of London as part of the mobilisation for the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]]. James (later [[James II of England|King James VII & II]]), the Duke of York and Albany, [[British Admiralty|Lord High Admiral]] and brother of [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]], was Captain-General of the Artillery Company, now the [[Honourable Artillery Company]], the unit that trained the Trained Bands.<ref name="Origins of Royal Marines">{{cite web |url=http://www.acoy.co.uk/royalmarineshistorytraditionalfactsprecispack1.pdf |title=Royal Marines History and Traditional Facts |publisher=Marine Society & Sea Cadet |access-date=22 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730201541/http://www.acoy.co.uk/royalmarineshistorytraditionalfactsprecispack1.pdf |archive-date=30 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

It was the fifth European Marine unit formed, being preceded by the [[Spain]]'s [[Spanish Navy Marines|Infantería de Marina]] (1537), the ''Fanti da Mar'' of the [[Republic of Venice]] (1550), the [[Portuguese Marine Corps]] (1610) and [[France]]'s [[Troupes de marine]] (1622). It consisted of six 200-man companies and was initially commanded by Colonel Sir [[William Killigrew (1606–1695)|William Killigrew]] with Sir Charles Lyttleton as lieutenant-colonel. Killigrew had commanded an English [[regiment]] in Dutch service, and many of the regiment's initial complement of officers had served there as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/killigrew-sir-william-ii-1606-1695|title= Killigrew, Sir William II (1606–1695), of Pendennis Castle, Cornwall; later of Lincoln's Inn Fields, London and Kempton Park, Middlesex|publisher=History of Parliament|access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref>

The [[Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)|Holland Regiment (later The Buffs)]] was also raised to serve at sea and both of these "Naval" regiments were paid for by the [[Treasurer of the Navy]] by Order of Council of 11 July 1665.<ref name=buffs>{{cite web|url=http://www.kentfallen.com/PDF%20reports/BUFFS%20DATES.pdf|title=The Buffs (East Kent Regiment)|publisher=Kent Fallen|access-date=30 December 2015}}</ref> [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|John Churchill]], later the 1st Duke of Marlborough, was a famous member of this regiment. A Company of [[Foot Guards]] served as Marines to augment the Marines of the Admiral's Regiment during the key [[Naval warfare|sea battle]] the [[Battle of Solebay]] in 1672. The regiment was disbanded in 1689 shortly after James II was [[Deposition (politics)|deposed]] in the [[Glorious Revolution]].<ref name=buffs/>

Two marine regiments of the army were raised in 1690. They were the Earl of Pembroke's and Torrington's, later Lord Berkeley's.<ref name="Origins of Royal Marines"/> These two regiments participated in an opposed landing during the [[Williamite War in Ireland]] at [[Cork (city)|Cork, Ireland]] on 21 September 1690 under the command of John Churchill, later Duke of Marlborough.<ref>Lenihan, p. 184</ref>

In 1699 the marine regiments were disbanded, but they were raised again from 1702 to 1713 to fight in the [[War of the Spanish Succession]]; their most notable contribution being the [[capture of Gibraltar]] in 1704.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rodger |first=N. A. M. |title=The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain 1649 - 1815 |date=2005 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-028896-4 |location=London |pages=355}}</ref>