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===Oneida Carrying Place=== Rome was founded along an ancient Native American portage path known as the ''[[Oneida Carry|Oneida Carrying Place]]'', ''Deo-Wain-Sta'', or ''The Great Carrying Place'' to the [[Iroquois|Six Nations]] (Iroquois), or the ''[[Haudenosaunee]]'' in their language. These names refer to a [[portage]] road or path between the [[Mohawk River]] to the east, which flows east to the [[Hudson River]],and [[Wood Creek]] to the west, which flows into Oneida Lake and, eventually, Lake Ontario via the Oneida and Oswego Rivers. Now located within the modern Rome city limits, this short portage path was the only overland section of a water trade route stretching more than 1,000 miles between Lake Ontario and the lower Hudson. Travelers and traders coming up the Mohawk River from the Hudson had to transfer their cargo and boats and transport them overland between 1.7 and six miles (depending on the season) to continue west on Wood Creek to Oneida Lake which was drained by the Oswego River that ultimately flowed into Lake Ontario. This ancient trade route joined the [[Great Lakes]] and Canada via the [[Mohawk River]] to the [[Hudson River]] and the Atlantic Ocean.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} [[File:Rome, N.Y. LOC 75694841.tif|thumb|[[Perspective map]] of Rome with list of landmarks from 1886 by [[L.R. Burleigh]]]] During the [[French and Indian War]], the North American front of the [[Seven Years' War]], this region was the scene of much fighting. The [[British Empire|British]] colonists had erected several small forts to guard the Oneida Carrying Place and the lucrative fur trade against French incursions from Canada; however, a combined French regular army, Canadian, and allied Native American force overwhelmed and massacred a British force here in the [[Battle of Fort Bull]]. Later in 1758, after several abortive attempts to fortify the area, the British sent a very large force to secure the Oneida Carry and build a stronger rampart complex, which they named [[Fort Stanwix]].{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} Following their defeat by Britain during the war, the French ceded their territory in North America east of the [[Mississippi River]] to the British. The British signed the [[Treaty of Fort Stanwix]] in 1768 with the Iroquois, under the terms of which they promised to preserve areas west of the [[Appalachian Mountains]] as an Indian reserve and to prohibit American colonial settlement.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Marshall | first=Peter | title=Sir William Johnson and the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, 1768 | journal=Journal of American Studies | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=1 | issue=2 | year=1967 | issn=0021-8758 | jstor=27552784 | page=149 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/27552784 | access-date=2024-12-28 | archive-date=December 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228041226/https://www.jstor.org/stable/27552784 | url-status=live }}</ref> The treaty has also been described as "the last desperate effort of the British to create order west of the Appalachians.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Campbell | first=William J. | title=Converging Interests: Johnson, Croghan, the Six Nations, and the 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix | journal=New York History | publisher=New York State Historical Association | volume=89 | issue=2 | year=2008 | issn=0146-437X | jstor=23183446 | page=128 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/23183446 | access-date=2024-12-28 | archive-date=December 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228041226/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23183446 | url-status=live }}</ref> The British were unable to enforce their promise, as American colonists continued to move west of the Appalachians, causing conflicts with native tribes. The British abandoned Ft. Stanwix after that war; it deteriorated and was eventually torn down, its parts and materials used by settlers for other structures.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23134667 | jstor=23134667 | title=Documents: The Mohawk Valley in 1791 | last1=Horton | first1=John T. | journal=New York History | date=1941 | volume=22 | issue=2 | pages=208β213 | archive-date=January 16, 2019 | access-date=September 11, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116101413/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23134667 | url-status=live }}</ref>
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