Editing Ribosome (section)

==Discovery==
Ribosomes were first observed in the mid-1950s by [[Romanian-American]] cell biologist [[George Emil Palade]], using an [[electron microscope]], as dense particles or granules.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Palade GE | title = A small particulate component of the cytoplasm | journal = The Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = 59–68 | date = January 1955 | pmid = 14381428 | pmc = 2223592 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.1.1.59 }}</ref>  They were initially called  '''Palade granules''' due to their granular structure.  The term "ribosome" was proposed in 1958 by Howard M. Dintzis:<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rheinberger |first1=Hans-Jörg |title=A Brief History of Protein Biosynthesis and Ribosome Research |url=https://mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/topics/a-brief-history-of-protein-biosynthesis-and-ribosome-research |website=Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings |date=September 2022 |access-date=2023-08-16}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|During the course of the symposium a semantic difficulty became apparent. To some of the participants, "microsomes" mean the ribonucleoprotein particles of the microsome fraction contaminated by other protein and lipid material; to others, the microsomes consist of protein and lipid contaminated by particles. The phrase "microsomal particles" does not seem adequate, and "ribonucleoprotein particles of the microsome fraction" is much too awkward. During the meeting, the word "ribosome" was suggested, which has a very satisfactory name and a pleasant sound. The present confusion would be eliminated if "ribosome" were adopted to designate ribonucleoprotein particles in sizes ranging from 35 to 100[[Svedberg|S]].|Albert Claude|Microsomal Particles and Protein Synthesis<ref>{{cite book | veditors = Roberts RB | date = 1958 | chapter = Introduction | title = Microsomal Particles and Protein Synthesis | url = https://archive.org/details/microsomalpartic00biop | location = New York | publisher = Pergamon Press, Inc. }}</ref>}}

[[Albert Claude]], [[Christian de Duve]], and [[George Emil Palade]] were jointly awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]], in 1974, for the discovery of the ribosome.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/ |title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974 |work=Nobelprize.org |publisher=The Nobel Foundation |access-date=10 December 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126131649/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/ |archive-date=26 January 2013 }}</ref> The [[Nobel Prize]] in [[Chemistry]] 2009 was awarded to [[Venkatraman Ramakrishnan]], [[Thomas A. Steitz]] and [[Ada E. Yonath]] for determining the detailed structure and mechanism of the ribosome.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/|title=2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|access-date=10 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428061419/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/|archive-date=28 April 2012}}</ref>