Editing Renaissance music (section)

=== Background ===
As in the other arts, the music of the period was significantly influenced by the developments which define the [[Early Modern]] period: the rise of [[humanism|humanistic]] thought; the recovery of the literary and artistic heritage of [[Ancient Greece]] and [[Ancient Rome]]; increased innovation and discovery; the growth of commercial enterprises; the rise of a [[bourgeois]] class; and the [[Protestant Reformation]]. From this changing society emerged a common, unifying musical language, in particular, the [[polyphony|polyphonic]] style of the [[Franco-Flemish school]].

The invention of the [[printing press]] in 1439 made it cheaper and easier to distribute music and music theory texts on a wider geographic scale and to more people. Prior to the invention of printing, written music and music theory texts had to be hand-copied, a time-consuming and expensive process. Demand for music as entertainment and as a leisure activity for educated amateurs increased with the emergence of a bourgeois class. Dissemination of [[chanson]]s, [[motet]]s, and [[mass (music)|masses]] throughout Europe coincided with the unification of polyphonic practice into the fluid style which culminated in the second half of the sixteenth century in the work of composers such as [[Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina]], [[Orlande de Lassus]], [[Thomas Tallis]], [[William Byrd]] and [[Tomás Luis de Victoria]]. Relative political stability and prosperity in the [[Low Countries]], along with a flourishing system of [[music education]] in the area's many churches and cathedrals allowed the training of large numbers of singers, instrumentalists, and composers. These musicians were highly sought throughout Europe, particularly in Italy, where churches and aristocratic courts hired them as composers, performers, and teachers. Since the printing press made it easier to disseminate printed music, by the end of the 16th century, Italy had absorbed the northern musical influences with [[Venice]], Rome, and other cities becoming centers of musical activity. This reversed the situation from a hundred years earlier. Opera, a dramatic staged genre in which singers are accompanied by instruments, arose at this time in Florence. Opera was developed as a deliberate attempt to resurrect the music of ancient Greece.{{sfn|OED|2005}}