Editing Regensburg (section)

===Early history===
[[File:Regensburg-porta-praetoria 2.jpg|left|thumb|The remains of the East Tower of the [[Castra|Porta Praetoria]] from Roman times]]

The first settlements in the Regensburg area date from the [[Stone Age]]. The oldest [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] name given to a settlement near Regensburg was '''Radasbona''', a site where a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] fort was built around AD 90. In 179, a major new Roman fort, called '''Castra Regina''' ("fortress by the river Regen"), was built for [[Legio III Italica|Legio III ''Italica'']] during the reign of Emperor [[Marcus Aurelius]].<ref name="BeerAdvocate">{{cite web |title=Iron Age Braumeisters of the Teutonic Forests |work=BeerAdvocate |url=http://beeradvocate.com/news/stories_read/668 |access-date=2006-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613083419/http://beeradvocate.com/news/stories_read/668 |archive-date=2006-06-13 }}</ref> It was an important camp at the most northerly point of the Danube; it corresponds to what is today the core of Regensburg's Old City or ''Altstadt'' east of the Obere and Untere Bachgasse and west of the Schwanenplatz. It is believed that as early as the late Roman period the city was the seat of a bishop.

From the early 6th century, Regensburg was the seat of a ruling family known as the [[Agilolfings]]. From about 530 to the first half of the 13th century, it was the capital of Bavaria. The bishopric established by the Romans was re-established by [[St Boniface]] as the [[Diocese of Regensburg|Bishopric of Regensburg]] in 739. In the late 8th century, Regensburg remained an important city during the reign of [[Charlemagne]]. In 792, Regensburg hosted the ecclesiastical section of Charlemagne's General Assembly, the bishops in council who condemned the heresy of the [[Nontrinitarianism|nontrinitarian]] [[adoptionism]] doctrine taught by their Spanish counterparts, [[Elipandus]] of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] and [[Felix of Urgell]]. After the partition of the [[Carolingian Empire]] in 843, the city became the seat of the Eastern [[Franks|Frankish]] ruler, [[Louis the German]]. Two years later, 14 [[Bohemia]]n princes came to Regensburg to receive [[baptism]] there. This was the starting point of the [[Christianization]] of the [[Czechs]], and the diocese of Regensburg became the mother diocese of that of [[Prague]]. These events had a wide impact on the cultural history of the Czech lands, as they were consequently part of the Roman Catholic and not the [[Eastern Orthodox Church#Conversion of South and East Slavs|Slavic-Orthodox world]]. On 8 December 899 [[Arnulf of Carinthia]], a descendant of [[Charlemagne]], died at Regensburg.<ref>The Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Vol. III, Part II (page 623), printed by William Clowes and Sons, Stamford Street, London, 1844</ref>

By the [[High Middle Ages]] in the year 1000, the population increased to 40,000 from 23,000 inhabitants in 800.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Urban World History: An Economic and Geographical Perspective|author=Tellier, L.N.|date=2009|publisher=Presses de l'Universite du Quebec|isbn=9782760522091|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC|page=266|access-date=2014-10-10}}</ref> In 1096, on the way to the [[First Crusade]], [[Peter the Hermit]] led a mob of [[crusaders]] who attempted to force the mass conversion of [[Jews]] in Regensburg, they then killed all those who resisted.<ref>''Herald of Destiny'' by [[Berel Wein]]. New York: Shaar Press, 1993, page 144.</ref> Between 1135 and 1146, the [[Stone Bridge (Regensburg)|Stone Bridge]] across the [[Danube]] was built at Regensburg. This bridge opened major international trade routes between northern Europe and [[Venice]], and this began Regensburg's golden age as a residence of wealthy trading families. Regensburg became the [[Culture of Germany|cultural]] centre of southern Germany and was celebrated for its gold work and fabrics.