Editing Rügen (section)

== Geography ==
The main body of the island, known as [[Muttland]], is surrounded by several peninsulas. To the north lie the peninsulas of [[Wittow]] and [[Jasmund]], connected to each other by the [[Schaabe]] [[bar (landform)|sandbar]] and to Muttland by the [[Schmale Heide]], an embankment at [[Lietzow]] and the [[Wittow Ferry]]. The northern peninsulas are separated from Muttland by several lagoons or {{lang|de|[[bodden]]}}, the largest of which are the [[Großer Jasmunder Bodden]] and [[Kleiner Jasmunder Bodden]]. Major peninsulas in the south are [[Zudar]] and [[Mönchgut]] which both face the [[Bay of Greifswald]]. [[Strelasund]] separates the island from the southern mainland.

[[File:Königsstuhl und Viktoria-Sicht.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jasmund National Park]], with its [[chalk]] cliffs, the symbol of Rügen: ''Victoria-Sicht'' (Victoria's View) and ''Königsstuhl'' (King's Chair) from the [[Baltic Sea]]]]
Rügen has a total area of {{cvt|926.4|km2}}, or {{cvt|974|km2}} if the adjacent small islands are included.<ref name=Wurlitzer15>{{cite book |title=Rügen |first=Bernd |last=Wurlitzer |edition=11 |publisher=Mair Dumont Marco Polo |year=2006 |isbn=3-8297-0171-3 |language=de |page=15}}</ref> The maximum diameter is {{cvt|51.4|km}} from north to south, and {{cvt|42.8|km}} from east to west.<ref name=Wurlitzer15/> Of an overall {{cvt|574|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} coastline, {{cvt|56|km}} are sandy [[Baltic Sea]] beaches, and {{cvt|2.8|km}} sandy {{lang|de|[[bodden]]}} beaches.<ref name=Wurlitzer15/> The highest elevations are on the [[Jasmund]] peninsula: [[Piekberg]] ({{cvt|161|m|disp=or}}) and [[Königsstuhl (Rügen)|Königsstuhl]] ({{cvt|117|m|disp=or}}).<ref name=Wurlitzer15/>

The northern part of the [[Bay of Greifswald]], the [[Rügischer Bodden]], is a large bay in the south of Rügen island, with the island of [[Vilm]] lying just offshore. At the western end of the bay, the peninsula of [[Zudar]] runs out to the southernmost point of Rügen ([[Palmer Ort]]), at the eastern end the highly indented peninsula of [[Mönchgut]] projects into the sea. This peninsula ends in the east at the [[cape (geography)|cape]] of [[Nordperd]] near [[Göhren (Rügen)|Göhren]] and in the south at the cape of ''Südperd'' by Thiessow. In the west of the peninsula of Mönchgut a narrow, {{cvt|5|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} [[bar (landform)|bar]], the [[Reddevitz Höft]], separates the two bays of [[Having (bay)|Having]] and [[Hagensche Wiek]].

[[File:Binz (2011-05-21) 03.JPG|thumb|[[Binz]]]]
In the north-east of the island of Rügen is formed by the peninsula of [[Jasmund]], which is joined to the heart of the island, ''[[Muttland]]'', by the [[bar (landform)|bar]] of [[Schmale Heide]] between Binz-[[Seebad Prora|Prora]] and Sassnitz-Mukran and by a rail and road embankment at [[Lietzow]]. The Schmale Heide separates the outer bay of [[Prorer Wiek]] from the lagoon of the [[Kleiner Jasmunder Bodden]]. On the peninsula of Jasmund are the [[Piekberg]] ({{Höhe|161|DE-NN|link=true}}), the highest point on Rügen, and the [[Königsstuhl (Rügen)|Königsstuhl]], a {{convert|118|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} [[chalk]] cliff in [[Stubbenkammer]], which forms the most striking landmark on the island. Another bar, the [[Schaabe]], links Jasmund to the peninsula of [[Wittow]] in the north of Rügen. The Schaabe, in turn, separates the outer bay of [[Tromper Wiek]] from the lagoon of the [[Großer Jasmunder Bodden]]. The peninsula of Wittow and the long, narrow peninsula of [[Bug (Rügen)|Bug]] to the west are separated from the main body of Rügen by the [[Rassower Strom]], the [[Breetzer Bodden]] and the ''Breeger Bodden''. The Wittow peninsula is adjoined in the north by [[Cape Arkona]]. Just under a kilometre to the northwest, located at 54°41' N, is the northernmost point of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Below this [[coastal cliff|cliff]] ({{lang|de|Gellort}}) on the shoreline is the [[Siebenschneiderstein]]{{snd}}the fourth largest [[glacial erratic]] boulder on Rügen.

[[File:Caspar David Friedrich's Chalk Cliffs on Rügen.jpg|thumb|German Romantic painter [[Caspar David Friedrich|Caspar Friedrich]]'s ''[[Chalk Cliffs on Rügen]]'']]

The northwestern and western sides of Rügen are also highly indented, but a little flatter. Offshore are the larger islands of [[Hiddensee]] and [[Ummanz]] as well as the smaller islands [[Öhe]] [[Liebitz]] and [[Heuwiese]]. Sand removal and deposition by the Baltic Sea has to be constantly countered by dredging operations to the north and south of Hiddensee, otherwise Hiddensee would merge with Rügen within a few years. Rügen is dotted with many glacial erratic boulders, of which the 22 largest belong to legally-protected [[geotope]]s (''see also: [[Erratics on and around Rügen]]).

=== Land use ===
The heartland of Rügen is gently rolling, and the area is characterised primarily by [[agriculture]]. East of the town of Bergen auf Rügen the land climbs to {{convert|90|m|ft}} (at [[Rugard]] where there is an observation tower) and to {{convert|107|m|ft}} in the southeastern hill country of the [[Granitz]]. The soil on Rügen is very fertile and productive, particularly in Wittow, the breadbasket of the island. There are major cabbage-producing regions.

Two German national parks are situated on Rügen: the [[Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park]], in the west (including [[Hiddensee]]), and the [[Jasmund National Park]], a smaller park including the chalk cliffs ([[Königsstuhl (Rügen)|Königsstuhl]]). There is also a nature reserve, the [[Southeast Rügen Biosphere Reserve]], consisting of the peninsulas in the southeast.
{{wide image|Rügen Panorama.jpg|1000px|Panoramic view over Rügen from [[Granitz Hunting Lodge|Granitz Castle]] near [[Binz]]}}

=== Climate ===
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The climate is in the [[temperate zone]]. According to the [[Köppen climate classification]] the northern parts of the island and the coastal regions (apart from those lay adjacent to [[Strelasund]]) are under the influence of the [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb''), meanwhile the remaining majority of the area is dominated by the [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfb'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |date=2018-10-30 |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution |journal=Scientific Data |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=180214 |doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |pmid=30375988 |pmc=6207062 |bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B |issn=2052-4463}}</ref> The winters are not particularly cold, with mean temperatures in January and February of {{cvt|0.0|C}}; and summers are mild and temperate, with a mean temperature in August of {{cvt|16.3|C}}. There is an average rainfall of {{cvt|520|–|560|mm}} and approximately 1800–1870 hours of sunshine annually.