Editing Quincunx (section)

==Examples==
Quincunx patterns occur in many contexts:
[[File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg|thumb|150px|The [[flag of Solomon Islands]] features a quincunx of stars.]]
[[File:Peirce-quincuncial-projection.jpg|thumb|150px|A [[quincuncial map]]]]
[[File:Décor mural de la Chapelle palatine (Palerme) (6880608996).jpg|thumb|12th-century Cosmatesque mosaic in the [[Cappella Palatina]], Palermo, Sicily]]
* In [[heraldry]], groups of five elements (''charges'') are often arranged in a quincunx pattern. This arrangement is called, in heraldic terminology, ''in [[saltire]]'' for its usual orientation with the sides of the square vertical or horizontal, or ''in cross'' when the square is diagonally oriented. The [[flag of Solomon Islands]] features this pattern, with its five stars representing the five main island groups in [[Solomon Islands]]. Another instance of this pattern occurred in the flag of the 19th-century [[Republic of Yucatán]], where it signified the five departments into which the republic was divided. The [[coat of arms of Portugal]] includes both orientations of the same patterns, nested within each other.<ref>{{citation|title= The book of public arms : a complete encyclopædia of all royal, territorial, municipal, corporate, official, and impersonal arms|last=Fox-Davies|first= Arthur Charles|year=1915 |publisher=T.C. & E.C. Jack |page=624|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofpublicarms00foxd/page/624}}</ref>
* Quincunxes are used in modern [[computer graphics]] as a pattern for [[multisample anti-aliasing]]. Quincunx antialiasing samples scenes at the corners and centers of each pixel. These five sample points, in the shape of a quincunx, are combined to produce each displayed pixel. However, samples at the corner points are shared with adjacent pixels, so the number of samples needed is only twice the number of displayed pixels.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.nvnews.net/previews/geforce3/quincunx.shtml|title=NVIDIA GeForce3 Preview|first=Mike|last=Chambers|journal=NV News|date=February 27, 2001|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113170739/http://www.nvnews.net/previews/geforce3/quincunx.shtml|archive-date=November 13, 2009}}.</ref>
* In [[numerical analysis]], the quincunx pattern describes the two-dimensional [[five-point stencil]], a sampling pattern used to derive [[finite difference]] approximations to [[derivative]]s. The five points of the five-point stencil are arranged directly above, below, and to the two sides of the center point, rather than (as in quincunx sampling) diagonally with respect to it.<ref>{{citation|contribution=1.2 The Finite Difference Method|pages=21–29|title=Numerical Methods for Elliptic and Parabolic Partial Differential Equations|volume=44|series=Texts in Applied Mathematics|first1=Peter|last1=Knabner|first2=Lutz|last2=Angermann|publisher=Springer-Verlag|year=2003|isbn=978-0-387-95449-3}}.</ref>
* In [[Khmer architecture]], the towers of a temple, such as [[Angkor Wat]], are sometimes arranged in a quincunx to represent the five peaks of [[Mount Meru]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-12-25 |title=Angkor Wat |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/5112/angkor-wat |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref>
* A quincunx is one of the quintessential designs of [[Cosmatesque]] inlay stonework.<ref>{{citation|title=Cosmatesque ornament: flat polychrome geometric patterns in architecture|first=Paloma|last=Pajares-Ayuela|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|year=2001|isbn=978-0-393-73037-1|contribution=The Signification — The Cosmatesque Quincunx: A Double-Cross Motif|pages=196–246|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LX2ooH1uFpsC&pg=PA196}}.</ref>
* A [[quincuncial map]] is a conformal map projection that maps the poles of the sphere to the centre and four corners of a square, thus forming a quincunx.
* The points on each face of a [[unit cell]] of a [[face-centred cubic]] lattice form a quincunx.
* The quincunx as a [[tattoo]] is known as the [[five dots tattoo]]. It has been variously interpreted as a fertility symbol,<ref>{{citation|title=Tattoo history: a source book : an anthology of historical records of tattooing throughout the world|first=Steve|last=Gilbert|publisher=Juno Books|year=2000|isbn=978-1-890451-06-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/tattoohistorysou0000gilb/page/153 153]|url=https://archive.org/details/tattoohistorysou0000gilb/page/153}}.</ref> a reminder of sayings on how to treat women or police,<ref name="kishkindha"/> a recognition symbol among the [[Romani people]],<ref name="kishkindha">{{citation|title=Kishkindha|first=Robert|last=Turner|publisher=Osiris Press Ltd|year=2005|isbn=978-1-905315-05-5|page=53|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cnxh8vR2HzQC&pg=PA53}}.</ref> a group of close friends,<ref>{{citation|title=A law enforcement sourcebook of Asian crime and cultures: tactics and mindsets|first=Douglas D.|last=Daye|publisher=CRC Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-8493-8116-4|page=113|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0k0kTGivP4C&pg=PA113}}.</ref> standing alone in the world,<ref>{{citation|title=A rainbow of gangs: street cultures in the mega-city|first=James Diego|last=Vigil|publisher=University of Texas Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-292-78749-0|page=115|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0qKcorWNve0C&pg=PA115}}.</ref> or time spent in prison (with the outer four dots representing the prison walls and the inner dot representing the prisoner).<ref>{{citation|title=Russian criminal tattoo encyclopedia, Volume 3|first=Danzig|last=Baldayev|publisher=FUEL Publishing|year=2006|page=214}}.</ref> [[Thomas Edison]], whose many inventions included an [[electric pen]] which later became the basis of a tattooing machine created by [[Samuel O'Reilly]], had this pattern tattooed on his forearm.<ref>{{citation|title=The Pocket Idiot's Guide to Not So Useless Facts|first1=Dane|last1=Sherwood|first2=Sandy|last2=Wood|first3=Kara|last3=Kovalchik|publisher=Penguin|year=2006|isbn=978-1-59257-567-1|page=48|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9F6Xq8WtmeMC&pg=PT48}}.</ref>
* The first two stages of the [[Saturn V]] super heavy-lift rocket had engines in a quincunx arrangement.<ref>{{citation|title=Apollo in Perspective: Spaceflight Then and Now|first=Jonathan|last=Allday|publisher=CRC Press|year=2000|isbn=9780750306454|page=77|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LqZcSAM3nrYC&pg=PA77|quote=The engines were arranged across the base of the stage in the same pattern as the dots on a number 5 domino}}.</ref>
* A [[baseball diamond]] forms a quincunx with the four bases and the pitcher's mound.<ref>{{citation|title=Pataphysica|editor-first=Cal|editor-last=Clements|year=2002|publisher=Writers Club Press|isbn=9780595236046|first=Brisbane|last=di Milo|contribution=Telepathic letter to Alfred Jarry|pages=60–68}}. See in particular [https://books.google.com/books?id=PlmXbgrvJFYC&pg=PA62 p.&nbsp;62].</ref>