Editing Qi (section)

===Pronunciation and etymology===
The logograph {{lang|zh|氣}} is read with two Chinese pronunciations: the usual ''qì'' {{lang|zh|氣}} "air; vital energy" and the rare archaic ''xì'' {{lang|zh|氣}} "to present food" (later disambiguated with {{lang|zh|餼}}). [[Hackett Publishing Company]], [[Philip J. Ivanhoe]], and [[Bryan W. Van Norden]] theorize that the word qi possibly came from a term that referred to "the mist that arose from heated sacrificial offerings".<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last1=Ivanhoe |first1=Philip J. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60826646 |title=Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy |last2=Van Norden |first2=Bryan W. |publisher=[[Hackett Publishing Company]] |year=2005 |isbn=0-87220-781-1 |edition=2nd |location=Indianapolis |pages=391 |oclc=60826646 |author-link=Philip J. Ivanhoe |author-link2=Bryan W. Van Norden}}</ref>

Pronunciations of {{lang|zh|氣}} in modern [[varieties of Chinese]] with standardized [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] equivalents include: [[Standard Chinese]] ''qì'' {{IPA|/t͡ɕʰi˥˩/}}, [[Wu Chinese]] qi {{IPA|/t͡ɕʰi˧˦/}}, [[Southern Min]] ''khì'' {{IPA|/kʰi˨˩/}}, [[Eastern Min]] ''ké'' {{IPA|/kʰɛi˨˩˧/}}, [[Standard Cantonese]] ''hei<sup>3</sup>'' {{IPA|/hei̯˧/}}, and [[Hakka Chinese]] ''hi'' {{IPA|/hi˥/}}.

Pronunciations of {{lang|zh|氣}} in Sino-Xenic borrowings include: [[Japanese language|Japanese]] ''ki'', [[Korean language|Korean]] ''gi'', and [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] ''khí.''

Reconstructions of the [[Middle Chinese]] pronunciation of {{lang|zh|氣}} standardized to IPA transcription include: /kʰe̯i<sup>H</sup>/ ([[Bernard Karlgren]]), /kʰĭəi<sup>H</sup>/ ([[Wang Li (linguist)|Wang Li]]), /kʰiəi<sup>H</sup>/ ([[Li Rong (linguist)|Li Rong]]), /kʰɨj<sup>H</sup>/ ([[Edwin Pulleyblank]]), and /kʰɨi<sup>H</sup>/ ([[Zhengzhang Shangfang]]).

Axel Schuessler's reconstruction of the [[Eastern Han Chinese|Later Han Chinese]] pronunciation of {{lang|zh|氣}} is /kɨs/.<ref name=Schuessler2006 />

Reconstructions of the [[Old Chinese]] pronunciation of {{lang|zh|氣}} standardized to IPA transcription include: */kʰɯds/ (Zhengzhang Shangfang), */C.qʰəp-s/ ([[William H. Baxter]] and [[Laurent Sagart]]), and */kə(t)s/ (Axel Schuessler<ref name=Schuessler2006 />).

The etymology of ''qì'' interconnects with [[Kharia language|Kharia]] ''kʰis'' "anger", [[Sora language|Sora]] ''kissa'' "move with great effort", [[Khmer language|Khmer]] ''kʰɛs'' "strive after; endeavor", and [[Gyalrongic languages|Gyalrongic]] ''kʰɐs'' "anger".<ref name=Schuessler2006>{{cite book|last1=Schuessler|first1=Axel|title=ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese|date=2006|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=9780824829759|page=423|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nIvqAC7FNBQC|access-date=5 January 2017|language=en}}</ref>