Editing Putrajaya (section)

== History and design ==
[[File:Putrajaya City Precinct.svg|230px|thumb|left|Putrajaya precincts]]

''Prang Besar'' (alternately ''Perang Besar'', which is [[Malay language|Malay]] for "Great War"), was founded in 1921 on land that was jungle, as a [[rubber plantation]] by British veterans of [[World War I]], hence its name.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Story of Prang Besar|website=Arabis.org |url=http://www.arabis.org/index.php/articles/articles/plantation-history/the-story-of-prang-besar |access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref> Its land area of {{convert|800|acre|km2}} expanded to {{convert|8000|acre|km2}}, and was merged with surrounding estates, including Estet Raja Alang, Estet Galloway and Estet Bukit Prang.

Until 1975, what is today Putrajaya, along with adjacent [[Cyberjaya]], was under the administration of [[Hulu Langat District]].

The vision of a new Federal Government Administrative Centre to replace [[Kuala Lumpur]] as the administrative capital emerged in the late 1980s, during the tenure of Malaysia's fourth prime minister, [[Mahathir Mohamad|Mahathir bin Mohamad]]<!-- He was conferred the title 'Tun' after his tenure as the Prime Minister -->. A new city adjacent to Kuala Lumpur was envisioned, where the government would systematically locate its government offices within an efficient administrative hub; as opposed having government offices scattered across the congested Kuala Lumpur.<ref name=":0" /> The new city was proposed to be located between Kuala Lumpur and the new [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]] (KLIA). Two areas were proposed: Prang Besar and [[Janda Baik]] of [[Pahang]].<ref>{{in lang|ms}}{{cite book|last1=Abdullah|first1=Hasfiza|title=DARI PRANG BESAR KE PUTRAJAYA|date=February 2012|publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|url=http://dwnsiswa.dbp.my/wordpress/?p=271|access-date=26 October 2015|archive-date=4 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404044043/http://dwnsiswa.dbp.my/wordpress/?p=271|url-status=dead}}</ref> The new name {{em|Putrajaya}} was chosen for the site.

The federal government negotiated with the state of Selangor on the prospect of another federal territory. In the mid-1990s, the federal government paid a substantial amount of money to Selangor for approximately {{convert|11320|acre|km2}} of land in Prang Besar, [[Selangor]]. As a result of this land purchase, Selangor now surrounds two federal territories: Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya.

[[File:Putrajaya_aerial_view.jpg|thumb|Aerial view in 2016, with the world's largest roundabout at bottom right<ref>{{cite web | url=http://guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/100371-largest-roundabout | title=Largest roundabout }}</ref>]]

Planned as a garden city and an [[smart city|intelligent city]], 38% of the area is green spaces in which the natural landscape is enhanced.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=JPN Putrajaya - jpn.com.my |url=https://jpn.com.my/jpn_offices/Putrajaya.htm |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=jpn.com.my}}</ref> The plan incorporated a network of open spaces and wide boulevards. Construction began in August 1995; it was Malaysia's biggest project and one of Southeast Asia's largest, with an estimated final cost of US$8.1&nbsp;billion. The entire project was designed and constructed by Malaysian companies, with only 10% imported materials.<ref name=":1" /> Most buildings in Putrajaya were built with conscious use of particular [[Islamic architecture#Regional styles (after the 10th century)|Islamic]] elements from the [[Middle East]] and [[Central Asia]] like those of [[Baghdad]] and [[Damascus]], designed to reflect a cosmopolitan pan-Islamic identity emulating those regions espoused by [[Mahathir Mohamad#Final years and succession_(1998–2003)|Mahathir's government]], rather than taking from [[Islamic architecture#Malay-Indonesian|homegrown elements]] that had taken hold [[Islam in Southeast Asia|in Southeast Asia]] or those brought [[Indo-Islamic architecture|from India]] (like the [[Architecture of Kuala Lumpur#Neo Moorish and Mughal|neo-Mughal]] buildings of [[Kuala Lumpur]]).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moser |first1=Sarah |title=Putrajaya: Malaysia’s new federal administrative capital |journal=Cities |date=August 2010 |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=291-3 |doi=10.1016/j.cities.2009.11.002}}</ref><ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13604810902726210 Post‐colonial projects of a national culture]</ref>

The [[1997 Asian financial crisis]] somewhat slowed the development of Putrajaya. 300 members of the Prime Minister's office staff moved there in 1999, and the remaining government servants moved in 2005. On 1 February 2001, the city was formally transferred to the federal government and declared Malaysia's third federal territory.<ref>{{cite news|title=PM isytihar Putrajaya sebagai Wilayah Persekutuan|url=http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2001&dt=0202&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Muka_Hadapan&pg=mh_02.htm|access-date=23 May 2018|work=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|date=2 February 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821000021/http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2001&dt=0202&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Muka_Hadapan&pg=mh_02.htm|archive-date=21 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2002, [[KLIA Transit]] rail line was opened, linking Putrajaya to KLIA in [[Sepang]]. The construction of the [[Putrajaya Monorail]], which was intended to be the city's metro system, was suspended owing to high costs. One of the monorail suspension bridges in Putrajaya remains unused.

In April 2013, the Putrajaya government signed a letter of intent (LOI) with the government of [[Sejong City]] in South Korea to mark co-operation between the two cities.<ref>[https://archive.today/20131208205153/http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2013/4/6/central/12923355&sec=central "Closer ties between Putrajaya and Sejong, Korea"]. (Archived from [http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2013/4/6/central/12923355&sec=central the original]) ''[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]'' ([[Malaysia]]). Saturday 6 April 2013. Updated on Friday 26 April 2013. Retrieved on 1 January 2014.</ref><ref>"[https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/07/176_120656.html Malaysian envoy acclaims Sejong City]." ([https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/07/176_120656.html Archive]) ''[[The Korea Times]]''. 23 September 2012.</ref>