Editing Punishment (section)

===In philosophy===
Various philosophers have presented definitions of punishment.<ref name=stanford-crimeState/><ref name=punGR/><ref name=stanford-theoryOf/><ref name=Peters1966/><ref name=j-kleining/> Conditions commonly considered necessary properly to describe an action as punishment are that
# it is imposed by an authority (single or multiple),
# it involves some loss to the supposed offender,
# it is in response to an offense and
# the human (or other animal) to whom the loss is imposed should be deemed at least somewhat responsible for the offense.