Editing Psychoanalysis (section)

=== Oedipus rising ===
[[File:Prehistoric politics among groups of hunter-gatherers.jpg|thumb|Illustration of how autarchic hordes of hunter-gatherers began to form political inter-group organisations already at the early Neolithic period. According to [[Klaus Schmidt (archaeologist)|K. Schmid]]t, this kind of united labour was necessary to erect monuments like those at [[Göbekli Tepe]] (cf. ''C. Renfrew'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Renfrew |first=Colin |date=January 1984 |title=The Megalith-Cultures |journal=Scientific American |volume=1}}</ref> The same precondition (united working groups) he sees with regard to the onset of agriculture in Mesopotamia,<ref name="Klaus Schmidt">{{cite web |last1=Linsmeier |first1=Klaus-Dieter |author-link=Klaus Schmidt (archaeologist) |date=2024-12-30 |title=Eine Revolution im großen Stil |url=https://www.spektrum.de/magazin/eine-revolution-im-grossen-stil/836862 |website=spektrum.de}}</ref> the mythical Garden of Eden (cf. [[Atra-Hasis]]). |434x434px]]

Freud attached great importance to [[Coherence theory of truth|coherence]] of his [[Structural model of the psyche|structural model]]. The metapsychological specification of the functions and interlocking of the three instances was intended to ensure the full connectivity of this ‘psychic apparatus’ with biological sciences, in particular Darwin's theory of evolution of species, including [[Human evolution|mankind]] with his natural behaviour, thinking ability and technological creativity. Such model of health is indispensable for the [[Diagnosis|diagnostic]] process (''sickness'' can only be realised as a deviation from the optimal cooperation of all mental-organic functions), but Freud had to be modest. He came to the conclusion that he had to leave his metapsychological-based model of the soul in the unfinished state of a ''[[torso]]''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Freud |first1=Sigmund |title=Gesammelte Werke. Bd. 14. Selbstdarstellung |pages=85}}</ref> because – as he stated one last time in [[Moses and Monotheism]] – there was no well-founded [[primate research]] in the first half of 20th century.<ref name="Sigmund Freud: Der Mann Moses und d">{{cite book |last1=Freud |first1=Sigmund |title=Sigmund Freud: Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion |pages=180 (Kapitel 3, Abschnitt C)}}</ref> Without knowledge of the instinctive social structure of our genetically [[Gombe Chimpanzee War|closest relatives]] in animal kingdom (instead of Freud's single ‘super-strong primal father’, they show social as well as combative male groups, but despite their remarkable intelligence still no ability to form political inter-group organisations<ref>{{Cite AV media |author=((Doku world717)) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9m04M87ltI&ab_channel=Dokuworld717 |title=Doku Kampf der Kriegeraffen |trans-title=Documentary: Battle of the Warrior Apes |date=2021-09-05 |via=YouTube |access-date=2025-04-03}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|reason=video taken down due to copy right}}</ref>), his thesis of the ''Darwinian primordial horde'' as presented for discussion in ''[[Totem and Taboo]]'' cannot be tested and, where necessary, replaced by a realistic model.

Darwin's horde life and its abolition through the introduction of monogamy (as a political agreement between the sons who murdered the horde's [[polygamous]] forefather) embodies the evolutionary and cultural-historical core of psychoanalysis. The aspect of violent elimination of natural horde life is decisive for Freud's ''[[Civilization and Its Discontents|Unease in Culture]]''; his assumption of the outbreak of the Oedipus complex in human history is based on it. It led to the formulation of rules of behaviour such as the prohibition of adultery and incest, and thus to the beginning of [[Totemism|totemic cultures]]. Manifested in this kind of customs, traditions and ritual education, some of them changed through intermediate stage of [[feudalism]] to modern nations, endowed with their monotheism (which centralised the [[Polytheism|diversity of totems]] in an abstract omnipotent singel deity), power-hierarchical structures of military, trade and politics (s. [[Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego]]).

Freud's thesis of the violent introduction of monogamous cohabitation stands<ref>{{Cite book |last=Freud |first=Sigmund |title=Group psychology and the analysis of the ego |orig-date=1921 |publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0393007701 |edition=Revised |location=New York City |publication-date=1990 |pages=155}}</ref> in contrast to the religiously enigmatic reports about the origin of [[Adam and Eve|first human couples]] on earth as an expression of divine will, but closer to the ancient trap to pacify political conflicts among the groups of Neolithic mankind. Examples include [[Prometheus]]' uprising against [[Zeus]], who created [[Pandora]] as a fatal wedding gift for [[Epimetheus]] to divide and rule this titanic brothers; [[Plato]]'s myth of spherical men cut into isolated individuals for the same reason;<ref>{{cite book |last1=Plato |title=Symposion |chapter=Aristophanes' speech}}</ref> and the similarly resolved revolt of inferior gods in the Flood epic [[Atra-Hasis]]. Nonetheless, without examination in the light of modern primate research, as demanded by Freud, these ideas remain in the status of an unproven [[hypothesis]] of [[paleoanthropology]], merely a "''just so story'' as a not unpleasant English critic wittily called it. But I mean it honours a hypothesis if it shows the capability of creating context and understanding in new areas."<ref name="Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse">{{cite book |last1=Freud |first1=Sigmund |title=Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse |publisher=textlog.de |pages=X – Die Masse und die Urhorde |url=https://www.textlog.de/freud/abhandlungen/massenpsychologie/x-die-masse-und-die-urhorde#fnref-1}}</ref>

According to Freud, this hypothesis explains the present-day son's conflict with his father over his mother, naming this view after [[Sophocles]]' tragedy ''[[Oedipus]]'', and supplementing it with case studies such as the genital ''Phobia of a five-year-old boy''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Freud |first1=Sigmund |title=Analyse der Phobie eines fünfjährigen Knaben |date=1909}}</ref> However, the author not only discovered this complex and the 'oral fixatet' Syndrom of Narzissos' [[Narcissism#Historical background|regress]] back into amniotic fluid (as far as possible given the state of science at the time), but also devised a hypothesis of healthy emotional development, which presupposes the natural relationships of Homo sapiens from birth and takes place in three successive stages: the [[Psychosexual development|oral, anal and genital phases]]. Whereby the sexual drive of the latter takes a no less genetically determined ‘latency’ break – the ''Sleeping Beauty'' – between the ages of about 7 and 12 for the benefit of social-intellectual growth.