Editing Proteome (section)

== Importance in cancer ==
[[File:Protein Patterns and Diagnosis.jpg|thumb|The proteome can be used to determine the presence of different types of cancers.]]

The proteome can be used in order to comparatively analyze different [[cancer cell]] lines. Proteomic studies have been used in order to identify the likelihood of [[metastasis]] in [[bladder cancer]] cell lines KK47 and YTS1 and were found to have 36 unregulated and 74 down regulated proteins.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yang|first1=Ganglong|last2=Xu|first2=Zhipeng|last3=Lu|first3=Wei|last4=Li|first4=Xiang|last5=Sun|first5=Chengwen|last6=Guo|first6=Jia|last7=Xue|first7=Peng|last8=Guan|first8=Feng|date=2015-07-31|title=Quantitative Analysis of Differential Proteome Expression in Bladder Cancer vs. Normal Bladder Cells Using SILAC Method|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=7|pages=e0134727|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0134727|pmid=26230496|pmc=4521931|issn=1932-6203|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1034727Y|doi-access=free}}</ref> The differences in protein expression can help identify novel cancer signaling mechanisms.

[[Biomarker]]s of cancer have been found by [[mass spectrometry]] based proteomic analyses. The use of proteomics or the study of the proteome is a step forward in personalized medicine to tailor drug cocktails to the patient's specific proteomic and genomic profile.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=An|first1=Yao|last2=Zhou|first2=Li|last3=Huang|first3=Zhao|last4=Nice|first4=Edouard C.|last5=Zhang|first5=Haiyuan|last6=Huang|first6=Canhua|date=2019-05-04|title=Molecular insights into cancer drug resistance from a proteomics perspective|journal=Expert Review of Proteomics|volume=16|issue=5|pages=413–429|doi=10.1080/14789450.2019.1601561|issn=1478-9450|pmid=30925852|s2cid=88474614}}</ref> The analysis of [[ovarian cancer]] cell lines showed that putative [[biomarkers]] for ovarian cancer include "α-enolase (ENOA), [[EF-Tu|elongation factor Tu]], mitochondrial (EFTU), [[Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase|glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3P)]], stress-70 protein, mitochondrial (GRP75), [[Apolipoprotein A1|apolipoprotein A-1 (APOA1)]], peroxiredoxin (PRDX2) and [[Annexin A1|annexin A (ANXA)]]".<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cruz|first1=Isa N.|last2=Coley|first2=Helen M.|last3=Kramer|first3=Holger B.|last4=Madhuri|first4=Thumuluru Kavitah|last5=Safuwan|first5=Nur a. M.|last6=Angelino|first6=Ana Rita|last7=Yang|first7=Min|date=2017-01-01|title=Proteomics Analysis of Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines and Tissues Reveals Drug Resistance-associated Proteins|url=http://cgp.iiarjournals.org/content/14/1/35|journal= Cancer Genomics & Proteomics|language=en|volume=14|issue=1|pages=35–51|issn=1109-6535|pmid=28031236|pmc=5267499|doi=10.21873/cgp.20017}}</ref>

Comparative proteomic analyses of 11 cell lines demonstrated the similarity between the metabolic processes of each cell line; 11,731 proteins were completely identified from this study. Housekeeping proteins tend to show greater variability between cell lines.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Geiger|first1=Tamar|last2=Wehner|first2=Anja|last3=Schaab|first3=Christoph|last4=Cox|first4=Juergen|last5=Mann|first5=Matthias|date=March 2012|title=Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Eleven Common Cell Lines Reveals Ubiquitous but Varying Expression of Most Proteins|journal=Molecular & Cellular Proteomics |volume=11|issue=3|pages=M111.014050|doi=10.1074/mcp.M111.014050|doi-access=free |issn=1535-9476|pmc=3316730|pmid=22278370}}</ref>

Resistance to certain cancer drugs is still not well understood. Proteomic analysis has been used in order to identify proteins that may have anti-cancer drug properties, specifically for the [[colon cancer]] drug [[irinotecan]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Peng|first1=Xing-Chen|last2=Gong|first2=Feng-Ming|last3=Wei|first3=Meng|last4=Chen|first4=Xi|last5=Chen|first5=Ye|last6=Cheng|first6=Ke|last7=Gao|first7=Feng|last8=Xu|first8=Feng|last9=Bi|first9=Feng|last10=Liu|first10=Ji-Yan|date=December 2010|title=Proteomic analysis of cell lines to identify the irinotecan resistance proteins|journal=Journal of Biosciences|language=en|volume=35|issue=4|pages=557–564|doi=10.1007/s12038-010-0064-9|pmid=21289438|s2cid=6082637|issn=0250-5991}}</ref> Studies of [[adenocarcinoma]] cell line LoVo demonstrated that 8 proteins were unregulated and 7 proteins were down-regulated. Proteins that showed a differential expression were involved in processes such as [[Transcription (biology)|transcription]], [[apoptosis]] and [[cell proliferation]]/[[Cellular differentiation|differentiation]] among others.