Editing Profession (section)

==Formation==
A profession arises through the process of [[professionalization]] when any trade or occupation transforms itself:<blockquote>"... [through] the development of formal qualifications based upon education, apprenticeship, and examinations, the emergence of regulatory bodies with powers to admit and discipline members, and some degree of [[monopoly]] rights.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bullock |first1=Alan |url= |title=The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought |last2=Trombley |first2=Stephen |last3=Lawrie |first3=Alf |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-00-255871-6 |location=London |pages=689 |language=en |oclc=45667833}}</ref></blockquote>

Major milestones which may mark an occupation being identified as a profession include:<ref name="perks-p2" />
# an occupation becomes a full-time occupation
# the establishment of a [[educational institution|training]] school
# the establishment of a [[university]] school
# the establishment of a local [[Voluntary association|association]]
# the establishment of a national association of [[professional ethics]]
# the establishment of state [[Licensure|licensing]] laws

Applying these milestones to the historical sequence of development in the United States shows [[surveying]] achieving professional status first (George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln all worked as land surveyors before entering politics<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redmond |first=Edward |title=Washington as Public Land Surveyor |url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/george-washington-papers/articles-and-essays/george-washington-survey-and-mapmaker/washington-as-public-land-surveyor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306085754/https://www.loc.gov/collections/george-washington-papers/articles-and-essays/george-washington-survey-and-mapmaker/washington-as-public-land-surveyor/ |archive-date=6 March 2023 |access-date=17 September 2020 |website= |publisher=[[Library of Congress]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boehm |first=Jay |date=March 1998 |title=Surveying |url=https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/surveying |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602074405/https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/surveying/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |access-date=17 September 2020 |website=Thomas Jefferson's Monticello}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=10 April 2015|title=Lincoln's New Salem 1830–1837|url=https://www.nps.gov/liho/learn/historyculture/newsalem.htm|access-date=17 September 2020|website=National Park Service|archive-date=18 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818192113/https://www.nps.gov/liho/learn/historyculture/newsalem.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>), followed by [[medicine]], [[actuarial science]], [[law]], [[dentistry]], [[civil engineering]], [[logistics]], [[architecture]] and [[accounting]].{{Sfn|Perks|1993|p=3}}

With the rise of technology and occupational specialization in the 19th century, other bodies began to claim professional status: [[mechanical engineering]], [[pharmacy]], [[veterinary medicine]], [[psychology]], [[nursing]], [[teaching]], [[librarianship]], [[optometry]] and [[social work]], each of which could claim, using these milestones, to have become professions by 1900.<ref>Buckley, J.W. & Buckley, M.H. (1974): ''The Accounting Profession''. Melville, Los Angeles. Quoted by Perks, p.4.</ref>