Editing Princess of Wales (section)

== The title in independent Wales ==
{{main|Wales in the High Middle Ages}}
{{See also|List of rulers of Wales}}

=== Joan (Siwan) ===
[[Joan, Lady of Wales|Joan]], also known as Siwan (her [[Welsh language|Welsh]] name), was the illegitimate daughter of [[John, King of England|John of England]]. She was the wife of [[Llywelyn ab Iorwerth]] (initially King of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]]), effective ruler of all of [[Wales]].<ref name="ODNB">[[doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14819|Kate Norgate and A. D. Carr: "Joan [Siwan]]", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (Oxford: OUP, 2004), Retrieved 2 February 2019.]</ref> During her tenure, she used the titles "Lady of Wales" and "Lady of Snowdon".

=== Eleanor de Montfort and Gwenllian ===
[[File: Gwenllian memorial Sempringham.jpg | 190px|thumb|Memorial to Gwenllian in [[Sempringham]], England<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gwenllian The Lost Princess of Wales |url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofWales/Gwenllian-Lost-Princess-Of-Wales/ |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=Historic UK |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323203401/https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofWales/Gwenllian-Lost-Princess-Of-Wales/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]]

Following her wedding ceremony in 1278, [[Eleanor de Montfort]] was officially known as Princess of Wales.<ref name=":1">Bliss, W. H., editor. Calendar of Papal Registers Relating To Great Britain and Ireland: Volume 1, 1198–1304. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1893.</ref><ref name=":3">Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1272–81, 306; CPR, 1281–92, 11</ref><ref name=":5">''Calendar of Ancient Correspondence'', 75–76</ref><ref name=":6">''Foedera'' I, ii, 576, 584, 587</ref> On 19 June 1282, she died giving birth to her first child, [[Gwenllian of Wales|Gwenllian]].<ref>The [[Chronicle of Bury St Edmunds]], pp. 74–76</ref>

The infant was captured by English forces the following year, after her father, [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd|Llywelyn ap Gruffydd]], was killed in December 1282. At [[Edward I of England|Edward I]]'s orders, she was kept in the remote [[Sempringham Priory]] in [[Lincolnshire]], where she remained until her death in 1337.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}

Gwenllian's status was acknowledged at least once by the English Crown. When writing to the pope, attempting to secure more money for Sempringham Priory, the king stated that "...herein is kept the Princess of Wales, whom we have to maintain". The title "Princess of Wales" as used here did not have its usual accepted meaning.<ref name=":2">{{cite book |author=Fisher, Deborah |title=Princesses of Wales |publisher=University of Wales Press |year=2005 |isbn=9780708319369 |pages=viii-ix}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

=== Margaret Hanmer and Catrin, daughter of Glyndŵr ===
[[Margaret Hanmer]], sometimes known as Marred ferch Dafydd (her Welsh name), was the wife of [[Owain Glyndŵr]].<ref>The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog. 1. London: T. Richards. pp. 199, 211–219. The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog. 1. London: T. Richards. pp. 199, 211–219.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Owain Glyndwr – The Parish of Hanmer and Tallarn Green |url=https://parish.churchinwales.org.uk/a110/history-en/owain-glyndwr/ |access-date=2019-06-12 |website=parish.churchinwales.org.uk |archive-date=5 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005164802/https://parish.churchinwales.org.uk/a110/history-en/owain-glyndwr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Some modern historians have accorded her the title "Princess of Wales".<ref>Deborah Fisher, ''Princesses of Wales'' (University of Wales Press, 2005)</ref>

[[Catrin ferch Owain Glyndŵr|Catrin]] was one of the children of Owain Glyndŵr and Margaret Hanmer. In November 1402, she married [[Edmund Mortimer (rebel)|Edmund Mortimer]], the second son of [[Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March]] and through his mother, a great-grandson of [[Edward III of England]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Gwynfor Evans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3lkKAQAAMAAJ |title=Land of my fathers: 2000 years of Welsh history |publisher=John Penry Press |year=1974 |isbn=9780903701037 |access-date=5 October 2022 |archive-date=13 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113214043/https://books.google.com/books?id=3lkKAQAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Edmund Mortimer died during the siege of [[Harlech Castle]] in 1409, of unknown causes.<ref>''The Last Mab Darogan'', Charles Parry (Novasys, 2010) pp. 273–4.</ref> Catrin was subsequently captured alongside her three daughters, and they were taken to the [[Tower of London]], along with Catrin's mother and one of her sisters. The deaths and burials of Catrin and her daughters are recorded, but the causes of their deaths remain unknown. They were laid to rest at [[St Swithin, London Stone|St Swithin's Church]] in London.<ref>''Issues of the Exchequer, Hen. III – Hen. VI'', ed. F Devon (Record Commission, 1837), p. 327</ref>

=== List ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Image
! Name 
! Birth
! width="150pt" |Spouse
!Death
!Notes
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Ffenestr liw'r Dywysoges Siwan yn Nhrefriw Sir Conwy 2014.png|150x150px]]
| align="center" | [[Joan, Lady of Wales|Joan]]
| align="center" | 1191
| align="center" | [[Llywelyn ab Iorwerth]]
| align="center" | 2 February 1237
|align="center" |''Known as '''Siwan''' in [[Welsh language|Welsh]];<br/>Lady of Wales and Snowdon;<ref>{{Cite book |last=Messer |first=Danna R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JhsJEAAAQBAJ&dq=joan+lady+of+wales&pg=PA172 |title=Joan, Lady of Wales: Power and Politics of King John's Daughter |date=2020-09-30 |publisher=Pen and Sword History |isbn=978-1-5267-2932-3 |pages=172 |language=en}}</ref><br/>Proposed to have been Princess of Wales<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sims-Williams |first=Patrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QABREAAAQBAJ&dq=siwan+tywysoges+cymru&pg=PA297 |title=Irish Influence on Medieval Welsh Literature |date=2010-11-25 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-159159-4 |pages=297 |language=en |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=13 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113214052/https://books.google.com/books?id=QABREAAAQBAJ&dq=siwan+tywysoges+cymru&pg=PA297 |url-status=live }}</ref>''
|-
|
| align="center" | [[Isabella de Braose]]
| align="center" | 1222
| align="center" | [[Dafydd ap Llywelyn]]
| align="center" | 1248
|align="center" | ''Proposed to have been Princess of Wales''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fisher |first=Deborah C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrUIAQAAMAAJ&q=princess+of+wales+Isabella+de+braose |title=Princesses of Wales |date=2005 |publisher=University of Wales Press |isbn=978-0-7083-1936-9 |pages=6 |language=en |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=13 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113214051/https://books.google.com/books?id=mrUIAQAAMAAJ&q=princess+of+wales+Isabella+de+braose |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Eleanor_de_Montfort.png|100px]]
| align="center" | [[Eleanor de Montfort, Princess of Wales|Eleanor de Montfort]]
| align="center" | 1252 
| align="center" | [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd|Llywelyn ap Gruffydd]]
| align="center" | 19 June 1282
|align="center" | ''Princess of Wales;<br/>Lady of Snowdon''<ref name=":3"/><ref name=":5"/><ref name=":6"/>
|-
| align="center" | [[File:Bedd_y_Dywysoges_Elizabeth_Ferrers,_gwraig_Dafydd_ap_Gruffudd_10.jpg|100px]]
| align="center" | [[Elizabeth Ferrers]]
| align="center" | 1250
| align="center" | [[Dafydd ap Gruffydd]]
| align="center" | 1300
| align="center" | ''Proposed to have been Princess of Wales''{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}
|-
|
|align="center" |[[Gwenllian of Wales|Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn]]
|align="center" | June 1282
|
|align="center" | 7 June 1337
|align="center" | ''Princess of Wales;<ref name=":2" /><br/>daughter of [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd|Llywelyn ap Gruffydd]]''
|-
||
|align="center" | [[Margaret Hanmer]]
|align="center" | 1370
|align="center" | [[Owain Glyndŵr]]
|align="center" | 1420
|align="center" | ''Later attributed''<ref>Deborah Fisher, ''Princesses of Wales'' (University of Wales Press, 2005)</ref>
|-
|align="center" |
|align="center" | [[Catrin ferch Owain Glyndŵr]]
|
|align="center" | [[Edmund Mortimer (rebel)|Edmund Mortimer]]
|align="center" | 1413
|align="center" | ''Proposed to have been Princess of Wales;<br/>daughter of [[Owain Glyndŵr]]''<ref>''Issues of the Exchequer, Hen. III – Hen. VI'', ed. F Devon (Record Commission, 1837), p. 327</ref>
|}