Editing Prince Andrew, Duke of York (section)

==Military service==

===Royal Navy===
The Royal Household announced in November 1978 that Andrew would join the [[Royal Navy]] the following year. In December, he underwent various sporting tests and examinations at the [[Officer and Aircrew Selection Centre|Aircrew Selection Centre]], at [[London Biggin Hill Airport|RAF Biggin Hill]], along with further tests and interviews at [[RNAS Lee-on-Solent (HMS Daedalus)|HMS ''Daedalus'']], and interviews at the [[Admiralty Interview Board]], {{HMS|Sultan|shore establishment|6}}. During March and April 1979, he was enrolled at the Royal Naval College Flight, undergoing pilot training, until he was accepted as a trainee helicopter pilot and signed on for 12 years from 11 May 1979. On 1 September of the same year, Andrew was appointed as a [[midshipman]], and entered [[Britannia Royal Naval College]], Dartmouth. During 1979 he also completed the [[Royal Marines]] [[All Arms Commando Course]] for which he received his Green Beret.<ref name=naval/> He was commissioned as a [[sub-lieutenant]] on 1 September 1981 and appointed to the Trained Strength on 22 October.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=49322|supp=y|page=5304|date=19 April 1983}}</ref>

After passing out from Dartmouth, Andrew went on to elementary flying training with the [[Royal Air Force]] at [[RAF Leeming]], and later, basic flying training with the navy at [[RNAS Culdrose (HMS Seahawk)|HMS ''Seahawk'']], where he learned to fly the [[Aérospatiale Gazelle|Gazelle]] helicopter.<ref name=naval/> After being awarded his wings, he moved onto more advanced training on the [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]] helicopter, and conducted operational flying training until 1982. He joined carrier-based squadron, [[820 Naval Air Squadron]], serving aboard the [[aircraft carrier]], {{HMS|Invincible|R05|6}}.<ref name=naval/>

===Falklands War===
On 2 April 1982, Argentina [[1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands|invaded the Falkland Islands]], a [[British overseas territory]] claimed by it, leading to the [[Falklands War]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=Charles|last1=Cawley|title=Colonies in Conflict: The History of the British Overseas Territories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXnWCgAAQBAJ&dq=Argentina+invaded+the+Falkland+Islands,+a+British+overseas+territory+claimed+by+it+on+2+April+1982,+leading+to+the+Falklands+War&pg=PA202|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|date=2015|isbn=978-1-4438-8128-9|page=202}}</ref> ''Invincible'' was one of the two operational aircraft carriers available at the time, and, as such played a major role in the [[British naval forces in the Falklands War|Royal Navy task force]] assembled to sail south to retake the islands.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Glen|last1=O'Hara|title=Britain and the Sea: Since 1600|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FgwdBQAAQBAJ&dq=Hermes+invincible+task+force+available&pg=PA213|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|date=2010|isbn=978-1-137-07312-9|pages=213–214}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Andrew's place on board and the possibility of the Queen's son being killed in action made the British government apprehensive, and the cabinet desired that Prince Andrew be moved to a desk job for the duration of the conflict. The Queen, though, insisted that her son be allowed to remain with his ship.<ref>{{cite book|title=Queen Elizabeth II and the Royal Family: A Glorious Illustrated History|year= 2015 |publisher=[[DK (publisher)|DK Publishing]]|location=London|isbn=978-1465438003|page=217}}</ref> Prince Andrew remained on board ''Invincible'' to serve as a Sea King helicopter co-pilot, flying on missions that included [[Anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] and [[anti-surface warfare]], [[Exocet missile]] decoy, casualty evacuation, transport, and search and air rescue.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.mercopress.com/2001/06/12/prince-andrew-talks-of-his-dangerous-falklands-experiences|title =Prince Andrew Talks of His Dangerous Falklands Experiences|work=MercoPress|date=12 June 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/06/19/Prince-Andrew-a-hero-of-the-Falklands-war/3976393307200/|title=Prince Andrew, a hero of the Falklands war|website=[[United Press International|UPI]]|date=19 June 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/06/03/Helicopter-pilot-Prince-Andrew-is-flying-anti-submarine-patrols-in/4652391924800/|title=Helicopter pilot Prince Andrew is flying anti-submarine patrols in...|work=[[United Press International|UPI]]|date=3 June 1982}}</ref> He witnessed the Argentine attack on the [[SS Atlantic Conveyor|SS ''Atlantic Conveyor'']].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NPs9AAAAIBAJ&pg=4110,2766700|title=Prince Andrew talks of Falklands horror|work=Glasgow Herald|date=14 November 1983|page=2}}</ref>

At the end of the war, ''Invincible'' returned to [[Portsmouth]], where Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip joined other families of the crew in welcoming the vessel home. The [[National Reorganization Process|Argentine military government]] reportedly planned, but did not attempt, to assassinate Andrew on [[Mustique]] in July 1982.<ref name="reuters19831017">{{cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XxUyAAAAIBAJ&pg=6583%2C3743144 | title=Argentines planned to kill Prince Andrew | work=[[Montreal Gazette]]| publisher=[[Postmedia Network]]|location=Montreal, Quebec|date=17 October 1983 | agency=[[Reuters]]| pages=C6}}</ref> Though he had brief assignments to [[HMS Illustrious (R06)|HMS ''Illustrious'']], [[RNAS Culdrose (HMS Seahawk)|RNAS Culdrose]], and the [[Joint Services School of Intelligence]], Prince Andrew remained with ''Invincible'' until 1983. Commander [[Nigel Ward]]'s memoir, ''Sea Harrier Over the Falklands'', described Prince Andrew as "an excellent pilot and a very promising officer."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ward|first1=Sharky|title=Sea Harrier Over the Falklands|year=1993|publisher=[[Pen and Sword Books]]|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire|isbn=978-0850523058|page=113|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dt7RAwAAQBAJ |access-date=12 September 2016}}</ref>

===Career naval officer===
[[File:Prince Andrew and Leon E. Panetta.jpg|thumb|The Duke of York with the US [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] [[Leon Panetta]] commemorating the 100th anniversary of Naval Aviation at the [[National Building Museum]] in 2011]]

In late 1983, Andrew transferred to [[RNAS Portland]], and was trained to fly the [[Westland Lynx|Lynx]] helicopter.<ref name=naval/> On 1 February 1984, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=49633|supp=y|page=1382|date=31 January 1984}}</ref> whereupon Queen Elizabeth II appointed him as her [[personal aide-de-camp]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=49639|supp=y|page=1735|date=7 February 1984}}</ref> Prince Andrew served aboard [[HMS Brazen (F91)|HMS ''Brazen'']] as a flight pilot until 1986,<ref name=naval/> including deployment to the [[Mediterranean Sea]] as part of [[Standing NRF Maritime Group 2]]. He undertook the Lieutenants' [[Royal Naval College, Greenwich|Greenwich]] Staff course. On 23 October 1986, the Duke of York (as he was by then) transferred to the [[General List]], enrolled in a four-month helicopter warfare instructor's course at [[RNAS Yeovilton (HMS Heron)|RNAS Yeovilton]], and, upon graduation, served from February 1987 to April 1988 as a helicopter warfare officer in [[702 Naval Air Squadron]], [[RNAS Portland (HMS Osprey)|RNAS Portland]]. He also served on [[HMS Edinburgh (D97)|HMS ''Edinburgh'']] as an [[Watchstanding|officer of the watch]] and Assistant Navigating Officer until 1989, including a six-month deployment to the Far East as part of exercise ''Outback 88''.<ref name=naval/>

The Duke of York served as flight commander and pilot of the Lynx HAS3 on [[HMS Campbeltown (F86)|HMS ''Campbeltown'']] from 1989 to 1991. He also acted as force aviation officer to [[Standing NRF Maritime Group 1]] while ''Campbeltown'' was flagship of the [[NATO]] force in the [[Atlantic Ocean|North Atlantic]] from 1990 to 1991.<ref name=naval/> He passed the squadron command examination on 16 July 1991, attended the [[Staff College, Camberley]] the following year, and completed the Army Staff course. He was promoted to [[Lieutenant commander (Royal Navy)|lieutenant-commander]] on 1 February and passed the ship command examination on 12 March 1992. From 1993 to 1994, Prince Andrew commanded the Hunt-class [[minehunter]] [[HMS Cottesmore (M32)|HMS ''Cottesmore'']].<ref name=naval/>

From 1995 to 1996, Andrew was posted as senior pilot of [[815 Naval Air Squadron]], then the largest flying unit in the [[Fleet Air Arm]]. His main responsibility was to supervise flying standards and to guarantee an effective operational capability.<ref name=naval/> He was promoted to [[Commander (Royal Navy)|commander]] on 27 April 1999,<ref name=naval/> finishing his active naval career at the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] in 2001, as an officer of the Diplomatic Directorate of the Naval Staff.<ref name=naval/> In July of that year, Andrew was retired from the Active List of the Navy.<ref name=LG56295/> Three years later, he was made an honorary [[Captain (Royal Navy)|captain]].<ref name=LG57705/> On 19 February 2010, his 50th birthday, he was promoted to [[Rear Admiral (Royal Navy)|rear admiral]].<ref name=LG59341/> Five years later, he was promoted to [[Vice Admiral (Royal Navy)|vice admiral]].<ref name=LG61660/><ref>{{cite news|last=Low|first=Valentine|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/uk/royalfamily/article4351422.ece|title=Queen makes Prince Andrew a vice-admiral|newspaper=[[The Times]]|location=London|date=12 February 2015|access-date=25 February 2015|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

He ceased using his honorary military titles in January 2022.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|date=13 January 2022|title=Prince Andrew loses military titles and patronages|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59987935|access-date=13 January 2022}}</ref> The action came after more than 150 Royal Navy, RAF and Army veterans signed a letter, requesting that Queen Elizabeth II remove his honorary military appointments in light of his involvement in a sexual assault civil case.<ref name=":5"/> It was reported that he would still retain his service rank of vice admiral.<ref name=":5" />