Editing Primorsky Krai (section)

==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Primorsky Krai}}

*'''Border length'''&nbsp;— over {{convert|3000.|km|sp=us}}, including {{convert|1350.|km|sp=us}} of the sea borders.
*'''Highest peak'''&nbsp;— [[Anik Mountain]], {{convert|1933|m|sp=us}}
*'''Rail network length'''&nbsp;— {{convert|1628|km|sp=us}} (of which {{convert|345|km|sp=us}} are electrified).
*'''Automobile road length'''&nbsp;— {{convert|12633|km|sp=us}}

Primorsky Krai, bordered by [[China ]]([[Jilin]] and [[Heilongjiang]]), [[North Korea]] ([[Rason]]) and [[Khabarovsk Krai]], and the relatively warm—although freezing in winter—waters of the [[Sea of Japan]], is the southeasternmost region of Russia, located between the [[42nd parallel north|42°]] and [[48th parallel north|48° north]] latitude and [[130th meridian east|130°]] and [[139th meridian east|139° east]] longitude. It is stretched in the [[meridian (geography)|meridianal]] direction, the distance from its extreme northern point to its most southerly point being about {{convert|900.|km|sp=us}}.

===Topography===

[[File:Река Уссури у посёлка Горные Ключи.JPG|thumb|[[Ussuri River]]]]
[[File:Philippovsky Bay Beach.jpg|thumb|Philippovsky Bay, [[Russky Island]]]]
[[File:Вид на долину р. Бикин с видовой площадки (гора Клин).jpg|thumb|[[Bikin National Park]]]]

Highlands dominate the territory of the krai. Most of the territory is mountainous, and almost 80% of it is forested. The average elevation is about {{convert|500.|m|sp=us}}. [[Sikhote-Alin]] is a mountainous formation, extending for the most part of the Krai. It consists of a number of parallel ranges: the Partizansky (Partisan), the Siny (Blue), the Kholodny (Cold), and others. There are many [[karst]] caves in the south of Primorye, including the relatively accessible Spyashchaya Krasavitsa cave (the Sleeping Beauty) in the Ussuriysky Nature Preserve. There are comparatively well-preserved fragments of ancient volcanoes in the area.

The ranges are cut by the picturesque narrow and deep valleys of the rivers and by large brooks, such as the [[Partizanskaya River|Partizanskaya]], the [[Kiyevka River|Kiyevka]], the Zerkalnaya, the Cheryomukhovaya, the Yedinka, the [[Samarga River|Samarga]], the [[Bikin River|Bikin]], and the [[Bolshaya Ussurka River|Bolshaya Ussurka]]. Most rivers in the [[Krai]] have rocky bottoms and limpid water. The largest among them is the [[Ussuri River|Ussuri]], with a length of {{convert|903|km|sp=us}}. The head of the [[Ussuri River]] originates {{convert|20|km|sp=us}} east of Oblachnaya Mountain. The vast Khanka Lowlands extend into the west and southwest of Primorye, carpeted by coniferous-deciduous forest. A part of the Lowland surrounding the largest lake in the [[Russian Far East]], [[Khanka Lake]], is occupied by a forest-steppe.

===Coast and islands===
The krai's coastline is fairly straight, except for the southernmost section around Vladivostok which contains the [[Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula]].
There are numerous islands in this area, the main ones being [[Lisy Island]], Askold Island, [[Putyatin Island]], [[Skrebtsov island]], [[Sibiryakov Island]], the [[Eugénie Archipelago]] (the largest island of which being [[Russky Island]]), the [[Rimsky-Korsakov Archipelago]] and [[Furugelm Island]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hu |first1=Yang |last2=Hu |first2=Yunfeng |title=Detecting Forest Disturbance and Recovery in Primorsky Krai, Russia, Using Annual Landsat Time Series and Multi–Source Land Cover Products |journal=Remote Sensing |date=1 January 2020 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=129 |doi=10.3390/rs12010129 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338363787 |access-date=8 December 2023 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2020RemS...12..129H }}</ref>

===Flora and fauna===
The geographic location of Primorye accounts for the variety of its [[flora (plants)|flora]]. The territory of Primorye has not been subjected to the ice cover in the past in contrast to the rest of Siberia during the ice ages. The specifics of the geographic situation and the specific features of climate determine the unique diversity of the plant world at species and genetic levels and the richness of plant resources. In the flora of Primorye, there are more than two thousand species of higher plants, of which are about 250 species of trees, bushes, and ligneous lianas. Flora of mosses and lichens are very diverse. As part of the coastal flora, there are many valuable medicinal, technical and food plants, many relict and endemic species. About 200 species are listed in the IUCN Red List as rare and threatened extermination.

There are mountainous tundra areas, conifers and coniferous-deciduous forests, and forest-steppe, which is sometimes called the Far Eastern Prairie, where many ancient plant species have been preserved, including [[fern]]s, [[nelumbo|lotus]], and the willow ''[[Salix arbutifolia]]'' (syn. ''Chosenia arbutifolia''). The flora of the territory contains such plants as ''[[Taxus cuspidata]]'', ''[[Juniperus rigida]]'', ''[[Phellodendron amurense]]'', ''[[Kalopanax]]'', ''[[Aralia elata]]'', ''[[Maackia amurensis]]'', ''[[Alnus japonica]]'', ''[[Actinidia kolomikta]]'', ''[[Schisandra chinensis]]'', ''[[Celastrus orbiculatus]]'', ''[[Thladiantha dubia]]'', ''[[Weigela]]'', ''[[Eleutherococcus]]'', ''[[Flueggea suffruticosa]]'', ''[[Deutzia]]'', ''[[Nelumbo nucifera]]'', ''[[Betula schmidtii]]'', ''Carpinus cordata'', ''[[Acer mandshuricum]]'', ''[[Parthenocissus tricuspidata]]'', ''[[Vitis amurensis]]'', ''[[Panax ginseng]]'' and many others.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hu |first1=Yang |last2=Hu |first2=Yunfeng |title=Detecting Forest Disturbance and Recovery in Primorsky Krai, Russia, Using Annual Landsat Time Series and Multi–Source Land Cover Products |journal=Remote Sensing |date=1 January 2020 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=129 |doi=10.3390/rs12010129 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2020RemS...12..129H }}</ref>

The [[fauna (animals)|fauna]] of Primorye is also diverse. The following animals are found in the [[Krai]]: [[Ussuri black bear]] (''Ursus thibetanus''), [[Amur tiger]], [[Amur leopard]] (''Panthera pardus orientalis''), [[Eurasian lynx]] (''Lynx lynx''), [[wild boar]] (''Sus scrofa''), [[Manchurian deer]] (''Cervus elaphus xanthopygos''), [[Siberian roe deer]] (''Capreolus pygargus''), [[musk deer]] (''Moschus moschiferus''), [[long-tailed goral]] (''Naemorhedus caudatus''), [[sika deer]] (''Cervus nippon''), [[sable]] (''Martes zibellina''), [[Blakiston's fish owl]] (''Bubo blakistoni''), [[mandarinka duck]] (''Aix galericulata''), [[black stork]] (''Ciconia nigra''), [[scaly goosander]] (''Mergus squamatus''), [[chestnut-cheeked starling]] (''Sturnia philippensis''), [[black griffon]] (''Aegypius monachus''), large-winged cuckoo (family [[Cuculidae]]), and others. Among 690 species of birds inhabiting the territory of the former [[Soviet Union|USSR]], 350 are found in Primorye. Rich fisheries of [[salmon]], [[Hucho taimen]], [[lenok]] and marine fisheries of crab, pollock and other species make the aquatic and maritime environment a valuable resource for the region. However, the rich diversity of wildlife in Primorye is threatened by poaching and the illegal [[wildlife trade]]. [[Wildlife Conservation Society]], [[World Wildlife Fund]], [[Wild Salmon Center]], and Russian NGOs including [[Phoenix Fund]] are active in the region's wildlife and habitat conservation.
[[File:Tiger-zoologie.de0001 22.JPG|thumb|right|Most of the world's population of wild [[Siberian tiger]]s is found in Primorsky Krai]]
[[File:Brat i sestra nakhodka.jpg|thumb|right|The cliffs Brat ("Brother") and Sestra ("Sister") in the environs of Nakhodka.]]

===Climate===
*Primorsky Krai is dominated by a four-season [[humid continental climate]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Climate Primorsky Krai: Temperature, climate graph, Climate table for Primorsky Krai - Climate-Data.org|url=https://en.climate-data.org/asia/russian-federation/primorsky-krai-896/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref>
*Average annual temperature&nbsp;— near {{convert|+1|C}} in the north of the krai; {{convert|+5.5|C}} on the southern coast.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}{{vague|date=July 2018}}
*Average annual [[precipitation]]&nbsp;— {{cvt|600.|–|850.|mm}}.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}{{vague|date=July 2018}}