Editing Primate (bishop) (section)

=== Catholic primatial sees ===
The heads of certain [[episcopal see|sees]] have at times been referred to, at least by themselves,<ref name=Dainville>{{Cite book|last=Dainville|first=François de|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I6v1st4ny8YC&q=%2522droit%2520de%2520primatie%2522&pg=PA275|title=Cartes anciennes de l'église de France: historique, répertoire, guide d'usage|date=1956|publisher=Vrin|isbn=978-2-7116-8055-9|language=fr| page= 275}}</ref> as primates: 
;In Europe
{{div col}}
* [[Austria]] &ndash; [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg|Salzburg]]
* [[Catholic Church in Belgium|Belgium]] &ndash; [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mechelen-Brussels|Mechelen(-Brussels)]] (1560)<ref name="CathEncy|wstitle=Mechlin">{{CathEncy|wstitle=Mechlin}}</ref>
* [[Czech Republic]] (formerly [[Bohemia]]) &ndash; [[Archbishop of Prague|Prague]] (1344–),<ref name=ha/><ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Archdiocese of Prague}}</ref>
* [[Catholic Church in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] &ndash; [[Veliko Tarnovo]] 1204–1235, Primate of Bulgaria and Vlachia (in Bulgaria)
* [[Croatia]] &ndash; [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Split-Makarska|Split]] (13th century - 1828)<ref>Krmpotic, Martin Davorin. in {{CathEncy|wstitle=Dalmatia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Matanić|first=Athanasius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7IhuAAACAAJ|title=De origine tituli "Dalmatiae ac totius Croatiae primas": Studium histor.-crit|date=1952|publisher=Sublaci|language=en}}</ref><ref>[http://ubsm.bg.ac.rs/engleski/dokument/1627/notizie-intorno-alla-vita-di-quattro-arcivescovi-di-spalatro-primati-della-dalmazia-e-di-tutta-la-croazia-che-furono-della-congreg-di-somasca-chiari-per-dottrina-e-virtu-apostoliche-raccolte-da-d-ottavio-maria-paltrinieri-vicario-generale-di-detta-congregazione Ottavio Maria Paltrinieri, Notizie intorno alla vita di quattro Arcivescovi di Spalatro, Primati della Dalmazia e di tutta la Croazia] (Roma, 1829)</ref>
* [[Catholic Church in France|France]]
**[[Ancient Diocese of Arles|Arles]] &ndash; Gaul and Spain<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Archdiocese_of_Aix}}</ref>
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Auch|Auch]] &ndash; Novempopulania and the kingdom of Navarre<ref name=Dainville/>
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bordeaux|Bordeaux]] &ndash; [[Aquitaine]]<ref name=Dainville/><ref name="CathEncy|wstitle=Bordeaux">{{CathEncy|wstitle=Bordeaux}}</ref>
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bourges|Bourges]] &ndash; Aquitaine (8th century)<ref name=Dainville/><ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Bourges}}</ref>
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lyon|Lyons]] &ndash; the [[Gaul]]s, i.e., the provinces called [[Gallia Lugdunensis|Lugdunenses]]<ref name=ce/><ref name=Dainville/>
**[[Ancient Diocese of Narbonne|Narbonne]]<ref name=ce/><ref name=Dainville/>
**[[Diocese of Nancy|Nancy]] &ndash; [[Lorraine]] title received in 1602. This is a notable exception, considering the fact that Nancy became a bishopric in 1777.
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Reims]]<ref name=ce/>
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rouen|Rouen]] &ndash; [[Primate of Normandy]]<ref name=Dainville/><ref name=ha/><ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Archdiocese of Rouen}}</ref>
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sens|Sens]] &ndash; Gauls and Germany<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Sens}}</ref>
**[[Ancient Diocese of Vienne|Vienne]] &ndash; Burgundy, Primate of Primates<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Grenoble}}</ref> 
*[[Roman Catholicism in Germany|Germany]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mainz|Mainz]] &ndash; Germany 798-1802<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Mainz}}</ref>
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier|Trier]]<ref name=ce/>
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Magdeburg|Magdeburg]]<ref name=ce/>
* [[Roman Catholicism in Hungary|Hungary]]
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest|Esztergom]], known as Gran in German.
*[[Catholic Church in Ireland|Ireland]]
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Armagh|Armagh]] &ndash; [[Primacy of Ireland|All Ireland]]<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Armagh}}</ref><ref name=Ireland/>
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin|Dublin]] &ndash; [[Primacy of Ireland|Ireland]]<ref name=Ireland>{{Cite book|last=Murray|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kvFpuRoiL24C&q=Murray%2520%2522quietly%2520annexed%2522&pg=PA42|title=Enforcing the English Reformation in Ireland: Clerical Resistance and Political Conflict in the Diocese of Dublin, 1534-1590|date=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-36994-7|pages=41–43}}{{pb}}{{ cite book | last= MacGeoghegan| first= James|title= The History of Ireland, Ancient and Modern |date=1844|publisher= James Duffy|place= Dublin|page= 337
}}</ref>
* [[Italy]] &ndash; [[See of Rome|Rome (the Papacy)]]<ref name=ha/>
* [[Catholic Church in Montenegro|Montenegro]]
** [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bar|Bar]]
* [[Netherlands]] - [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht|Utrecht]]
* [[Catholic Church in Poland|Poland]]
** [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno|Gniezno]] - [[List of archbishops of Gniezno and primates of Poland|Poland]] and [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] - ([[Council of Constance|1418]])<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Archdiocese of Gnesen-Posen}}</ref>
** [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warsaw|Warsaw]] - Kingdom of Poland 1815-1829 and 1925-1938
* [[Catholic Church in Portugal|Portugal]]
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Braga|Braga]] - Primacy of the Spains, i.e., the Iberian Peninsula (since 440-446 d.C.)
* [[Sardinia]]
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cagliari|Cagliari]], (&ndash; 1158, 1409&ndash;)
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pisa|Pisa]] &ndash; [[Sardinia]] & [[Corsica]] (1158&ndash;)<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Archdiocese of Cagliari}}</ref> 
* [[Catholic Church in Scotland|Scotland]]
**[[Bishop of Dunkeld|Dunkeld]] c. 844<ref name=Scotland>By royal grant ({{CathEncy|wstitle=Scotland}}) but refused by the Holy See: {{Cite book|last=Barrow|first=G. W. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZTk5S-kLcoC&q=Barrow%2520primacy%2520%2522refused%2520by%2520the%2520papacy%2522&pg=PA69
| series= The new history of Scotland, volume 2
|title=Kingship and Unity: Scotland 1000-1306|date=1981|publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-0104-2 |page=69}}</ref>
**[[Bishop of Dunblane|Abernethy]] ca. 844&ndash;908<ref name=Scotland/>
**[[Archbishop of St Andrews|St Andrews]] 908&ndash;<ref name=Scotland/>
* [[Sicily]]
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Siracusa|Syracuse]], during the [[1st millennium]], recognized by [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Patriarchate of Constantinople]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLMAAAAAcAAJ&dq=primate+di+sicilia&pg=PA432|title = Storia ecclesiastica di Sicilia di Giovanni di Giovanni continuata sino al secolo XIX dal Padre Salv. Lanza|last1 = Giovanni|first1 = Giovanni di|year = 1846}}</ref>
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Palermo|Palermo]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVtIAAAAYAAJ&dq=primate+di+sicilia&pg=PR128|title=Documenti per servire alla storia di Sicilia|year=1888}}</ref>
* [[Catholic Church in Spain|Spain]]
**[[Primacy of the Diocese of Toledo|Toledo]] &ndash; [[Visigothic Kingdom]],<ref name=ce/> Spain<ref name=ha/> (Bull of 1088)<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Toledo}}</ref>
**[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tarragona|Tarragona]] - Spains, Catalonia<ref>{{cite web |last1=Albiñana y de Borrás |first1=Juan Francisco |title=La primacía de Tarragona |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/159261365.pdf |access-date=20 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tarragona, "Hispaniarum primas" de las Españas |url=https://www.abc.es/espana/20140420/abci-tarragona-hispaniarum-primas-espanas-201404191724.html |website=ABC España |date=20 April 2014 |access-date=20 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[Latin Church in Ukraine|Ukraine]]
** [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv|Lviv]] - Galicia and Lodomeria 1817-1858
* [[Patriarch of Venice|Venice]] &ndash; for [[Dalmatia]] (in [[Croatia]])<ref name=ha/>
{{div col end}}
{{div col}}
;Elsewhere
* [[Episcopal see of Carthage|Carthage]] &ndash; [[Roman Catholicism in Africa|Africa]] ancient, [[Pope Leo IX]]: 1893 <!-- "The title Primate of Africa was restored again in 1893 by Leo XIII in favour of the Archbishop of Carthage" --><ref name=ce/> <!-- Leo IX: "There can be no doubt that after the Roman Pontiff the first Bishop of Nubia, and indeed the principal Metropolitan of Africa is the Bishop of Carthage"--><ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Africa}}</ref>
* [[Catholic Church in Canada|Canada]] - [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec|Quebec]] (1956)
* [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman|Archdiocese of Goa and Damaon]], primatial see of the East, more specifically the [[East Indies]]
* [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santo Domingo|Archdiocese of Santo Domingo]], primatial (and oldest) see of the Indies<ref>{{cite web |title=Concordato entre la Santa Sede y la República Dominicana |url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/archivio/documents/rc_seg-st_19540616_concordato-dominicana_sp.html |website=www.vatican.va}}</ref>
* [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia|Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia]], primatial of Brazil ([[1551]]).
* [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago del Estero|Archdiocese of Santiago del Estero]] (transferred by Pope Francis in 2024)<ref>{{cite web |url= https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2024/07/22/0584/01196.html |title= Rinunce e nomine, 22.07.2024|website=Bollettino Sala Stampa della Santa Sede |access-date= 23 July 2024}}.</ref> [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires|Archdiocese of Buenos Aires]] &ndash; Argentina (1936–2024) (the title was granted under [[Pope Pius XI]] on 29 January 1936).<ref>[http://www.episcopado.org/portal/obispos-y-diocesis/d%C3%ADocesis-de-argentina/101-arquidiocesis-de-buenos-aires.html Episcopal Conference of Argentina: "Arquidiócesis de Buenos Aires"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514012935/http://www.episcopado.org/portal/obispos-y-diocesis/d%C3%ADocesis-de-argentina/101-arquidiocesis-de-buenos-aires.html |date=2013-05-14 }}.</ref>
* [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico|Archdiocese of Mexico]], primatial of Mexico (granted by [[Pope Pius XII]] on 18 July 1951)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.religiondigital.org/sursum_corda_el_blog_de_guillermo_gazanini/anos-titulo-Primado-Mexico_7_1813088709.html|work=Religión Digital|lang=es|date=19 July 2016|title=65 años del título de Primado de México|first=Guillermo|last=Gazanini}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==== Until the Counterreformation ====
* [[Catholic Church in England and Wales|England]] 
**[[Archbishop of Canterbury|Canterbury]], [[Primacy of Canterbury|All England]] (597-1558)<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Canterbury}}</ref>
**[[Archbishop of York|York]], England (-1558)<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Ancient See of York}}</ref>
* [[Diocese of Lund|Lund]], [[Scandinavia]]
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest|Esztergom]], [[Roman Catholicism in Hungary|Hungary]]<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Archdiocese of Gran}}</ref>

==== At the First Vatican Council ====
<small>''Source''</small><ref name=ce/>
{{div col}}
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Armagh|Armagh]], [[Primacy of Ireland|All Ireland]]
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bar|Antivari]], [[Roman Catholicism in Montenegro|Montenegro]]
* [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest|Esztergom]], [[Roman Catholicism in Hungary|Hungary]]<ref name=ce/>
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno|Gniezno]], [[Roman Catholicism in Poland|Poland]]<ref name=ha/>
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mechelen-Brussels|Mechlin-Brussels]], [[Roman Catholicism in Belgium|Belgium]] (1560)<ref name="CathEncy|wstitle=Mechlin"/>
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno|Salerno]]
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia|São Salvador da Bahia]], [[Roman Catholicism in Brazil|Brazil]]
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg|Salzburg]], [[Roman Catholicism in Austria|Austria]]<ref name=ha>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Hierarchy}}</ref>
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tarragona|Tarragona]], [[Roman Catholicism in Spain|Spain]]<ref name=ha/>
{{div col end}}