Editing Primary school (section)

==Comparison of cohorts==
{{More citations needed section|date=January 2024}}
Within the English speaking world, there are three widely used systems to describe the age of the child. The first is the "equivalent ages"; then countries that base their education systems on the "English model" use one of two methods to identify the year group; while countries that base their systems on the "American [[K–12]] model" refer to their year groups as "grades". Canada also follows the American model, although its names for year groups are put as a number after the grade: For instance, "Grade 1" in Canada, rather than "First Grade" in the United States. This terminology extends into the research literature.<ref name=ward>{{cite web|last1=Ward|first1=Ken|title=British and American Systems (Grades)|url=https://trans4mind.com/personal_development/writing/Readability_software/briishAmericanComparison.htm|website=Trans4mind |access-date=30 March 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331205354/https://trans4mind.com/personal_development/writing/Readability_software/briishAmericanComparison.htm|archive-date=2017-03-31|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=January 2024|sure=y}}

In Canada, education is a provincial, not a federal responsibility. For example, the province of Ontario also had a "[[Thirteenth grade|Grade 13]]", designed to help students enter the workforce or post-secondary education, but this was phased out in the year 2003.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Equivalent ages ||4–5 || 5–6||6–7 ||7–8 ||8–9 ||9–10 || 10–11
|-
| U.S. (grades) ||Pre-K||K||1 ||2||3 ||4 ||5 
|- 
| Ireland ||Junior Infants||Senior Infants||1st Class||2nd Class||3rd Class||4th Class||5th Class
|- 
| England (forms) ||Reception ||Infants ||Top infants || Junior 1|| Junior 2 || Junior 3|| Junior 4 
|- 
| England (year) ||R || 1||2|| 3|| 4||5||6 
|- 
| England (keystage) ||EYFS/FS ||KS1 ||KS1 ||KS2||KS2||KS2||KS2
|-
| Scotland ||P1 ||P2 ||P3 ||P4 ||P5 ||P6 ||P7
|-
|Jamaica
|Pre-K
|K-1
|Grade 1
|Grade 2
|Grade 3
|Grade 4
|Grade 5
|- 
| ISCED level ||0 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1<ref name=ward/>{{Unreliable source?|date=January 2024|sure=y}}
|-
| Indonesia{{CN|date=January 2023}} ||TK A||TK B||SD Kelas 1 ||SD Kelas 2 ||SD Kelas 3 ||SD Kelas 4 ||SD Kelas 5 
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Equivalent ages ||11–12 ||12–13||13–14 ||14–15 ||15–16||16–17 ||17–18
|-
| U.S. (grades) ||6||7||8 ||9||10 ||11||12
|- 
| Ireland ||6th Class||1st Year||2nd Year||3rd Year||4th Year/Transition Year (TY)||5th Year||6th Year
|-
| England (forms) ||First ||Second ||Third ||Fourth||Fifth ||Lower Sixth||Upper Sixth
|- 
| England (year) ||7||8||9||10||11||12||13
|- 
| England (keystage) ||KS3 ||KS3 ||KS3 ||KS4||KS4 ||KS5||KS5
|-
| Scotland ||S1 ||S2 ||S3 ||S4 ||S5 ||S6 ||
|-
|Jamaica (forms)
|First
|Second
|Third
|Fourth
|Fifth
|Lower Sixth
|Upper Sixth
|-
|Jamaica (grades)
|7
|8
|9
|10
|11
|12
|13
|- 
| ISCED level ||2 ||2 ||2 ||3||3 ||3 ||3<ref name=ward/>{{Unreliable source?|date=January 2024|sure=y}}
|-
| Indonesia{{CN|date=January 2023}} ||SD Kelas 6 ||SMP Kelas 7 ||SMP Kelas 8 ||SMP Kelas 9 ||SMA Kelas 10 ||SMA Kelas 11 ||SMA Kelas 12 
|}

===Primary schools===
[[File:St Pats Primary school 2021 b.jpg|thumb|St Patrick's School at [[Murrumbeena, Victoria]], Australia: one of many religious primary schools in the world.]]
[[File:Orbe - Chantemerle - salle de classe 1.jpg|thumb|A 2015 classroom for 6–7-year olds in Switzerland]]
[[File:Grundschule Haus St Marien Neumarkt - Klassenzimmer 06.JPG|thumb|School rooms/classrooms of the private Catholic elementary school  in [[Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]]]]
In most parts of the world, primary education is the first stage of [[compulsory education]], and is normally available without charge, but may also be offered by fee-paying [[independent school]]s. The term '''grade school''' is sometimes used in the US, although both this term and '''elementary school''' may refer to the first eight grades, in other words both [[primary education]] and lower [[secondary education]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grade+school|title=Definition of GRADE SCHOOL|website=Merriam-Webster|date=9 April 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/elementary+school|title=Definition of ELEMENTARY SCHOOL|website=Merriam-Webster|date=5 April 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?id=E5086600 |title=American Heritage Dictionary Entry |publisher=Ahdictionary.com |date= |accessdate=2022-02-12}}</ref>

The term ''primary school'' is derived from the French ''école primaire'', which was first used in an English text in 1802.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=primary|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=9 November 2007|archive-date=2 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702192406/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=primary|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, "elementary education" was taught in "elementary schools" until 1944, when free elementary education was proposed for students over 11: there were to be primary elementary schools and secondary elementary schools;{{efn|'''Secondary elementary school''': A term already used by [[London County Council]] from 1921 to describe some 11–14 schools,<ref>{{cite web |title=Hadow Report (1926) |url=http://www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/hadow1926/hadow1926.html |publisher=educationengland.org.uk |access-date=17 April 2019 |archive-date=25 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190625221806/http://www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/hadow1926/hadow1926.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and term still in use in Florida, Ohio and Brazil.}} these became known as primary schools and secondary schools.

* ''Primary school'' is the preferred term in the United Kingdom, Ireland and many [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth nations]], and in most publications of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization ([[UNESCO]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://academic.eb.com/|title=Britannica Academic|website=academic.eb.com|access-date=2019-11-01|archive-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314153937/https://academic.eb.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Elementary school'' is still preferred in some countries, especially in the United States and Canada.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

In some parts of the United States, "primary school" refers to a school covering [[kindergarten]] through to second grade or third grade (K through 2 or 3); the "elementary school" includes grade three through five or grades four to six.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} In Canada, "elementary school" almost everywhere refers to Grades 1 through 6; with Kindergarten being referred to as "preschool."{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}

*  In South Africa, primary school starts from Grade R (age 5–6) till Grade 7 (age 12–13). It typically comes after [[preschool]] and before [[secondary school]].

===Elementary schools===
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Though often used as a synonym, "elementary school" has specific meanings in different locations.

* [[Elementary school (England and Wales)|Elementary schools]], also known as [[board school]]s, were first established in England and Wales by [[Elementary Education Act 1870]] ([[33 & 34 Vict.]] c. 75).<ref name="Gutek1994">{{cite book|author=Gerald L. Gutek|title=A History of the Western Educational Experience: Second Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Db35CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA203|date=14 December 1994|publisher=Waveland Press|isbn=978-1-4786-3010-4|page=203|access-date=16 April 2019|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902064635/https://books.google.com/books?id=Db35CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA203|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of these schools became primary schools in the late 1940s, following the historic compromise in the [[Education Act 1944]].
* [[Elementary schools in the United States]] were first promoted in 1647 in the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.raceforward.org/research/reports/historical-timeline-public-education-us|title=Historical Timeline of Public Education in the US|date=13 April 2006|work=Race Forward|access-date=2018-02-08|language=en|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703120257/https://www.raceforward.org/research/reports/historical-timeline-public-education-us|url-status=live}}</ref> Today, there are currently approximately 92,858 elementary schools (68,173 public, 24,685 private).<ref name="NCES">{{cite news |url=http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/2002130.pdf |title=Digest of Education Statistics, 2001 |agency=National Center for Education Statistics |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090250/https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/2002130.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In the United States, elementary schools usually have six grades with pupils aged between 5 and 11 years old.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Snyder|first1=Thomas D.|last2=Hoffman|first2=Charlene M.|title=Digest of Education Statistics 2001|date=2001|publisher=National Center for Education Statistics|location=Institute of Education Sciences, Washington|page=7, fig. 1|url=http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/2002130.pdf|access-date=19 August 2017|archive-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090250/https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/2002130.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965]] was designed to fund [[primary education|primary]] and [[secondary education]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoover.org/research/secretary-riley-reignites-math-wars|title=Secretary Riley Reignites the Math Wars|publisher=Hoover Institution |date=January 17, 2000 |first=Williamson M. |last=Evers |access-date=28 March 2018|archive-date=29 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329121149/https://www.hoover.org/research/secretary-riley-reignites-math-wars|url-status=live}}</ref> It also emphasized equal access to education and established high standards and accountability.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.k12.wa.us/esea/|title=Elementary and Secondary Education Act |website=Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction |access-date=28 March 2018|archive-date=26 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326065033/http://www.k12.wa.us/esea/|url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Elementary schools in Japan]] were first established by 1875.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Establishment of Elementary Schools and Attendance|url=http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/others/detail/1317264.htm|department=Japan's Modern Educational System |publisher=Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=20 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171220074406/http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/others/detail/1317264.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In Japan, the age of pupils in elementary school ranges from 6 to 12, after which the pupils enter [[Middle school#Japan|junior high school]].