Editing Presidio of San Francisco (section)

===Military use===
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The [[Presidio]] was originally a Spanish fort sited by [[Juan Bautista de Anza]] on March 28, 1776, built by a party led by [[José Joaquín Moraga]] later that year. The [[limestone]] used to build the presidio was mined by [[Ohlone]]s at the [[Rockaway Quarry]].<ref name="Historic Resource Study">{{cite web |title=Historic Resource Study for Golden Gate National Recreation Area in San Mateo County. |url=https://www.nps.gov/goga/learn/historyculture/upload/san-mateo-hrs-part-iv-mori-point.pdf |website=National Park Service |publisher=Department of Interior |access-date=4 August 2023}}</ref> In 1783, the Presidio's garrison numbered only 33 men. Upon [[Mexican War of Independence|Mexican independence]] from [[Spanish Empire|Spain]] in 1821, it was briefly operated as a Mexican fortification.[[File:Victor Adam after Louis Choris - Vue du Presidio san Francisco, 1822.jpg|upright=1.3|thumb|The Presidio in 1817|left]] The Presidio was seized by the [[United States Army|U.S. military]] at the start of the [[Mexican–American War]] in 1846. It was officially reopened by the Americans in 1848 and became home to several army headquarters and units, the last being the [[US Sixth Army|United States 6th Army]]. Several famous U.S. generals, such as [[William Tecumseh Sherman]], [[George Henry Thomas]], and [[John J. Pershing]], made their homes here.

During its long history, the Presidio was involved in most of America's military engagements in the [[Pacific Rim]]. Importantly, it was the assembly point for army forces that invaded the [[Philippines]] during the [[Spanish–American War]], America's first significant military engagement in the region.

Beginning in the 1890s, the Presidio was home to the [[Letterman Army Hospital|Letterman Army Medical Center]] (LAMC), named in 1911 for [[Jonathan Letterman]], the medical director of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]–era [[Army of the Potomac]]. LAMC provided thousands of war-wounded with high-quality medical care during every US foreign conflict of the 20th century.

One of the last two remaining cemeteries within the city's limits is the [[San Francisco National Cemetery]]. Among the military personnel interred there are General [[Frederick Funston, Sr.|Frederick Funston]], hero of the Spanish–American War, [[Philippine–American War]], and commanding officer of the Presidio at the time of the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake|1906 earthquake]]; and General [[Irvin McDowell]], a Union Army commander who lost the [[First Battle of Bull Run]].

The Marine Hospital operated a cemetery for merchant seamen approximately {{convert|100|–|250|yd}} from the hospital property. Based on city municipal records, historians estimate that the cemetery was used from 1885 to 1912.<ref>{{cite web|last=McCann|first=Jennifer|year=2006|title=The Marine Hospital Cemetery, Presidio of San Francisco, California|url=http://www.presidio.gov/NR/rdonlyres/C44EF70A-582E-4F00-976C-4EA2F06AE09C/0/MHCreportpart1accessible.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309162023/http://www.presidio.gov/NR/rdonlyres/C44EF70A-582E-4F00-976C-4EA2F06AE09C/0/MHCreportpart1accessible.pdf|archive-date=March 9, 2012|publisher=The Presidio Archaeology Center}}</ref> As part of the "Trails Forever" initiative, the Parks Conservancy, the National Park Service, and the Presidio Trust partnered to build a walking trail along the south side of the site featuring interpretive signage about its history.<ref name="Preidio">{{cite web|title=The Marine Hospital Cemetery|url=http://www.presidio.gov/explore/trails/Pages/marine-cemetery-vista.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916025756/http://www.presidio.gov/explore/trails/Pages/marine-cemetery-vista.aspx|archive-date=September 16, 2012|access-date=September 14, 2012|publisher=The Presidio Trust}}</ref>
[[File:Presidio 1937.jpg|thumb|Street map of 1937 of the Army Base]]

The Presidio was the home of the [[Western Defense Command]] headquarters during [[World War II]]. It was here that Lieutenant General [[John L. DeWitt]] signed 108 Civilian Exclusion Orders and directives for the [[internment of Japanese Americans]] under the authority of [[Executive Order 9066]] signed by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] on February 19, 1942.<ref>{{cite web|title=Remembering Executive Order 9066 – Golden Gate National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)|url=https://www.nps.gov/goga/anniversary-executive-order-9066.htm|access-date=22 September 2020|website=National Park Service}}</ref>

The Presidio sent its few remaining units to war for the last time in 1991 for [[Desert Storm]], the First Gulf War. The role of the Sixth Army was the management of training and coordinating deployment of [[Army National Guard]] and [[U.S. Army Reserve]] units in the Western U.S. for Operation Desert Storm.