Editing Porsche 356 (section)

==Models==
===356 "pre-A"===
{{Infobox automobile
|name=Porsche 356
|image=Nationale oldtimerdag Zandvoort 2010, 1954 PORSCHE 356, RK-70-24.JPG
|caption=1954 Porsche 356, showing the V-shaped windshield
|production=1948–1955
|engine={{ubl|1.1 L ''Type 369'' [[Flat-four engine|B4]] (1948–1953, 1100)|1.3 L ''Type 506'' B4 (1300)|1.3 L ''Type 506/1'' B4 (1300 A)|1.3 L ''Type 589'' B4 (1953–1954, 1300 S)|1.5 L ''Type 527'' B4 (1951–1952, 1500)|1.5 L ''Type 528'' B4 (1952–1953, 1500 S)|1.5 L ''Type 528/2'' B4 (1954–1955, 1500 S)|1.5 L ''Type 546'' B4 (1952–1953, 1500)|1.5 L ''Type 546/2'' B4 (1954–1955, 1500)}}
|transmission=four-speed manual
}}
[[File:Porsche 356 pre A coupes Classic-Gala 2021 1X7A0169.jpg|thumb|left|Porsche 356 "pre-A" coupe rear]]
[[File:1952 Porsche 356 1500 Super in Black (Greenwich), front right.jpg|thumb|left|1952 Porsche 356 1500 Super "pre-A" coupé; early version still fitted with the split windscreen]]
[[File:1954 Porsche 356 convertible (9596133395).jpg|thumb|left|1954, 356 Cabriolet]]

From the earliest, 1,100&nbsp;cc Gmünd beginnings, the overall shape of the 356 remained more or less set. In 1951, 1,300 and 1,500&nbsp;cc engines with considerably more power were introduced. In April 1952 the split windscreen was replaced by a slightly V-shaped, single windshield, which fit into the same shape opening. In 1953, the 1300 S or "Super" was introduced, and the 1,100&nbsp;cc engine was dropped. 

In late 1954, [[Max Hoffman]], the sole US importer of Porsches, convinced Porsche to build a stripped down [[Roadster (automobile)|roadster]] version with minimal equipment and a cut-down windscreen.

Towards the end of the original 356's time (in 1955, when the 356&nbsp;A was about to be introduced), Hoffman, wanting a model name rather than just a number, got the factory to use the name "Continental" which was applied mostly to cars sold in the United States. Ford, makers of the [[Lincoln Continental]], sued.<ref name=conti>{{cite web |url= http://www.classicdriver.com/en/article/cars/porsche-356-continental-short-story-about-well-known-name |title= Porsche 356 'Continental': A short story about a well-known name |date= 2013-07-17 |publisher= Classic Driver |access-date= 2014-09-23}}</ref> This name was used only in 1955 and today this version is especially valued. For 1956, the equivalent version was briefly sold as the "European".<ref name=conti/> Today, all of the earliest Porsches are highly coveted by collectors and enthusiasts worldwide, based on their design, reliability and sporting performance.

The [[M422 Mighty Mite]], a [[military light utility vehicle]] built for the [[United States Marine Corps]], originally used the engine from the 1300 S, but the production M422 had to use a different engine due to regulations requiring US-built equipment in US military vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Jim |title=Backward Glances: 1960 AMC M-422 Mighty Mite |url=https://www.motortrend.com/features/1804-backward-glances-1960-amc-m-422-mighty-mite/ |website=[[Motor Trend]] |publisher=Motor Trend Group |location=US |access-date=31 August 2023 |date=16 April 2018}}</ref>

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===356 A===
{{infobox automobile
|name=Porsche 356 A
|image=Nationale oldtimerdag Zandvoort 2010, 1956 PORSCHE 356A 1500 GS CARRERA, AL-42-19 pic2.JPG
|production=1955–1959
|engine={{ubl|1.3 L ''Type 506'' [[Flat-four engine|B4]] (1300)|1.3 L ''Type 506/2'' B4 (1300 S)|1.5 L ''Type 547/1'' B4 (Carrera 1500 GS/GT, 1955–1959)|1.5 L ''Type 692/0'' B4 (Carrera 1500 GT, 1958)|1.5 L ''Type 692/1'' B4 (Carrera 1500 GT, 1958)|1.6 L ''Type 616/1'' B4 (1600)|1.6 L ''Type 616/2'' B4 (1600 S)|1.6 L ''Type 692/2'' B4 (Carrera 1600 GS)}}
|transmission=four-speed manual
}}

In late 1955, with numerous small but significant changes, the 356&nbsp;A was introduced. Its internal factory designation, "Type 1", gave rise to its nickname "T1" among enthusiasts. In the US, 1,200 early 356s had been badged as the "Continental" and then a further 156 from autumn 1955 to January 1956 as an even rarer T1 "European" variant after which it reverted to its numerical 356 designation. In early 1957 a second revision of the 356&nbsp;A was produced, known as Type 2 (or T2). Production of the Speedster peaked at 1,171 cars in 1957 and then started to decline. The four-cam "Carrera" engine, initially available only in the spyder race cars, became an available option starting with the 356&nbsp;A.

Within the last 25 years, replicas of the 356 A have become very popular.

The most typical engine was a {{convert|1582|cc|L cuin|1|abbr=on}} [[Flat-four engine|4-cylinder boxer]], which was [[Air-cooled engine|air-cooled]], [[Naturally aspirated engine|naturally aspirated]] with dual downdraft [[Zenith Carburetor Company|Zenith]] [[carburetor]]s, had a 2 valve per cylinder [[Overhead valve engine|OHV]] [[valvetrain]], and produced {{cvt|60|PS|hp kW|0}} at 4,500&nbsp;rpm and a maximum [[torque]] of {{cvt|110|Nm|lbft kgm|0}} at 2,800&nbsp;rpm.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.supercars.net/blog/porsche-356a1600-speedster/|title=Porsche 356A/1600 Speedster|website=Supercars.net|date=8 March 2016|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1958/2580755/porsche_356_a1600_speedster.html|title=1958 Porsche 356 A/1600 Speedster|website=automobile-catalog.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-09}}</ref>

<gallery widths=200 heights= 140>
Paris Motor Show 2018, Paris (1Y7A1074).jpg|356 Speedster
1957 Porsche 356 Speedster (A), rear.jpg|1957 356 Speedster rear
Porsche 356 A Speedster 1600 Super 1X7A7865.jpg|356 A Speedster interior
</gallery>
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===356 B===
{{infobox automobile
|name=Porsche 356 B
|image=Nationale oldtimerdag Zandvoort 2010, 1963 PORSCHE 356A 1600, AH-41-45 pic1.JPG
|production=1960–1963
|engine={{ubl|1.6 L ''Type 616/1'' [[Flat-four engine|B4]] (1600)|1.6 L ''Type 616/2'' B4 (1600 S, 1960–1962)|1.6 L ''Type 616/7'' B4 (1600 Super 90)|1.6 L ''Type 616/12'' B4 (1600 S, 1962–1963)|1.6 L ''Type 692/3'' B4 (1600 Carrera GS GT, 1960)|1.6 L ''Type 692/3A'' B4 (1600 Carrera GS GT, 1961)|2.0 L ''Type 587/1'' B4 (Carrera 2 GS)}}
|transmission=four-speed manual
}}
[[File:1963 Porsche 356B 90 (T6), rear.jpg|thumb|left|1963 Porsche 356 B 90 coupé (T6, with twin grilles on the engine cover)]]

In late 1959, significant styling and technical refinements gave rise to the 356&nbsp;B (a T5 body type). The mid-1962 356&nbsp;B model was changed to the T6 body type (twin grilles on the engine compartment cover, an external fuel filler in the right front wing/fender and a larger rear window in the coupé). Porsche did not draw attention to these (quite visible) changes, initially keeping the same model designation. However, when the T6 got disc brakes, with no other visible alterations, they called it the model C, or the SC when it had the optional, more powerful engine. A unique "[[Karmann]] hardtop" or "notchback" 356&nbsp;B model was produced in 1961 and 1962. The 1961 production run (T5) was essentially a cabriolet body with the optional steel cabriolet hardtop welded in place. The 1962 line (T6 production) was a very different design in that the new T6 notchback coupé body did not start life as a cabriolet, but with its own production design. In essence, it had the cabriolet rear end design, the T6 coupé windshield frame and a unique hard top. Both years of these models have taken the name "Karmann notchback".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.356registry.org/Tech/Guide/index.html|title=356 Registry's spotter's guide|author=356 Registry|access-date=2007-12-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209152007/http://www.356registry.org/Tech/Guide/index.html|archive-date=2012-02-09}}</ref>

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===356 C===
{{infobox automobile
| name = Porsche 356 C
| image = Oldtimerumzug Aidenbach 2013-08-18 - Porsche.JPG
| caption = Porsche 356 C cabriolet
| production = 1964–1965
| engine = {{ubl|1.6 L ''Type 616/15'' [[Flat-four engine|B4]] (1600 C)|1.6 L ''Type 616/16'' B4 (1600 SC)|1.6 L ''Type 616/26'' B4 (1600 SC, police car)|2.0 L ''Type 587/1'' B4 (Carrera 2)|2.0 L ''Type 587/2'' B4 (Carrera 2)}}
| transmission = four-speed manual
}}

The last revision of the 356 was the 356&nbsp;C introduced for the 1964 model year. It featured [[disc brake]]s all around, radial Pirelli Cinturato tyres, as well as an option for the most powerful [[pushrod]] engine Porsche had ever produced, the {{convert|95|hp|abbr=on}} "SC". Production of the 356 peaked at 14,151 cars in 1964, the year that its successor, the new [[Porsche 911]], was introduced to the US market (it was introduced slightly earlier in Europe). The company continued to sell the 356&nbsp;C in North America through 1965 as demand for the model remained quite strong in the early days of the heavier and more "civilized" 911.

The last ten 356s (cabriolets) were assembled for the Dutch [[Rijkspolitie]], the highway patrolling predecessor of the [[National Police Corps (Netherlands)|Netherlands police force]], in March 1966 as 1965 models.{{sfn|Long|2008|page=162}} Using Porsches to control traffic and speeders was so successful on [[Roads in the Netherlands|Holland's express-ways]], that the Dutch national police branch kept using [[Porsche 911]]s into the watercooled era that began in 1998.

{{multiple image
| align             = left
| total_width       = 460
| image1            = Porsche 356 C, Coupé (2007-07-08 Sp).jpg
| caption1          = Porsche 356 C from 1964
| image2            = Porsche 356 C - Flickr - Alexandre Prévot (1).jpg
| caption2          = Porsche 356 C rear
}}

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=== 530 ===
In 1953, [[Studebaker]] contacted Porsche to develop a new engine, but they developed an entire car that was a four-seat version of the 356.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Woodard |first1=Collin |title=5 Porsche Prototypes That Gave Us the Panamera |date=April 25, 2019 |url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/5-prototype-porsche-panamera/ |publisher=Motortrend |access-date=6 July 2019}}</ref> The prototype called Porsche 530 was rejected as Studebaker wanted a larger car, with larger engine and with the engine in the front.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Carlsson |first1=Mårten |url=http://www.klassiker.nu/reportage/studebaker-pa-tyska|title=Studebaker på tyska |work=Klassiker |issue=2 July 2019}}</ref> The new prototype was called [[Porsche 542]] or Studebaker Z-87.