Editing Pope Urban V (section)

==Italian missions==
===First mission===
In the summer of 1352  [[Pope Clement VI]] summoned Abbot Guillaume for an assignment.  Northern Italy had been in a chaotic state for some time, due to the ambitions of the Visconti of Milan, led by Archbishop Giovanni Visconti.  He had conquered much of Lombardy, seized the Papal city of Bologna, and was invading the borders of Florentine territory. In order to keep a hold on the territory for the Catholic Church, the Pope had hit on the scheme of making Archbishop Visconti his vicar of Bologna for the present. He drew up an agreement on 27 April 1352, which absolved the Visconti of all their transgressions and signed away much of northern Italy.<ref>{{cite book|author=Augustin Theiner|title=Codex diplomaticus dominii temporalis S. Sedis: 1335–1389|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gj5QAAAAcAAJ|volume=Tome second|year=1862|publisher=Imprimerie du Vatican|location=Rome|language=fr, la|pages=223–233, no. CCXX}}</ref> The Pope even made the first payment on the subsidy which he was going to provide them. The Visconti, on their part, had no intention of observing the terms of the pact, one of which was the return of the Legation of Bologna to the Papacy, despite the fine words and promises they made in Avignon. On 26 July, Abbot Grimoard and Msgr. Azzo Manzi da Reggio, the Dean of the Cathedral of Aquileia, were presented with written instructions by Pope Clement to go to northern Italy as apostolic nuncios to deal with the situation. Guillaume was to receive the city of Bologna from the Visconti, who were illegal occupiers, and hand it over to Giovanni Visconti as the papal vicar, and to threaten with ecclesiastical censures any parties who did not adhere to the treaty.<ref>Gibbs, p. 170.  Gibbs is wrong in suggesting that, for a few minutes, Grimoard was lord of Bologna.  He was only a procurator, never a principal.</ref>  This he did on 2 October 1352. Guillaume was allotted 8 gold florins a day for his expenses, his associate Anzo only 4 florins. While he was in Milan he was also able to get the Archbishop to renew the treaty that was expiring with the King and Queen of Sicily.<ref>Lecacheux, p. 419 and n. 1; pp. 421–422.</ref>

===Second mission===
In 1354 Abbot Grimoard was sent to Italy again, this time to Rome, where there was business that needed to be transacted for the Apostolic Camera. There were also serious disorders in the Basilica of St. Peter which needed to be sorted out.<ref>Chaillan, p. 16. See the letter of Innocent VI of 1 August 1352, giving an extensive catalogue of troubles: {{cite book|title=Collectio Bullarum Sacrosanctae Basilicae Vaticanae|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fL49yiw5ZmcC&pg=RA1-PR2|year=1747|publisher=Salvioni|location=Rome|language=la|pages=346–348}} Abbot Grimoard's commission, dated 10 April 1354, is quoted in full by {{cite book|author=Luigi Martorelli|title=Storia del clero vaticano|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ifQ5F3g_vsIC|year=1792|publisher=stamperia Salomoni|location=Roma|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ifQ5F3g_vsIC/page/n223 197]–198}}</ref>

In August 1361, he was elected the [[abbot]] of the [[Abbey of St. Victor, Marseille|Abbey of Saint-Victor]] in Marseille.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15214a.htm |title=''Catholic Encyclopedia'': Bl. Urban V |publisher=Newadvent.org |date=1 October 1912 |access-date=23 June 2013 |archive-date=10 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010180615/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15214a.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite the appointment, he continued to teach as a professor, at least for the next academic year.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

===Third mission===
Cardinal [[Gil Álvarez Carrillo de Albornoz]] had been sent to Italy in 1353, to bring under control the notorious [[Giovanni di Vico]] of Viterbo, as well as the [[House of Malatesta|Malatesta]] of Rimini and the [[Ordelaffi]] family of [[Forlì]]. In 1360 Abbot Guillaume was sent to assist him by dealing with Archbishop Visconti's nephew and successor, [[Bernabò Visconti]]. Their confrontation was so hostile and threatening that the Abbot left immediately and reported back to Pope Innocent the treachery of his vassal. The Pope sent him back to Italy immediately, but happily the utter defeat of Visconti's army which was besieging Bologna by Cardinal Albornoz eased the situation considerably.<ref>Chaillan, pp. 18–19.</ref> Nonetheless, immediately after he was elected pope, Grimoard excommunicated Bernabò Visconti.<ref>Gibbs, p. 170. Gibbs retails the story that Bernabò Visconti had forced Abbot Grimoard to eat the Pope's letter to him. On the excommunication: {{cite book|author=George L. Williams|title=Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mq7ctwMNdoC|year=2004|publisher=McFarland|location=Jefferson NC USA|isbn=978-0-7864-2071-1|page=34}}</ref> He returned to France, and retired to his castle of Auriol, where he was found on 10 June 1362.<ref>Chaillan, p. 20.</ref>

The reason for his retirement to Auriol is not far to seek.  The plague was raging in southern France again in 1361 and 1362.   Cardinal Pierre des Près died on 16 May 1361; Cardinal Petrus de Foresta, died on 7 June 1361; Cardinal Guillaume Farinier, died on 17 June 1361; Cardinal Guillaume Court, O.Cist., died on  12 June 1361; Cardinal Petrus Bertrandi, died on 13 July 1361; Cardinal Jean de Caraman, died on 1 August 1361; Cardinal Bernard de la Tour, died on 7 August 1361; Cardinal Francesco degli Atti, died on 25 August 1361; and Cardinal Pierre de Cros died in September 1361.<ref>Matteo Villani, ''Cronica''  Liber X. capitolo LXXI, pp. 366–367 Dragomanni.  Dates of death are given by {{cite book|author=Konrad Eubel|title=Hierarchia catholica medii aevi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KW0zAQAAMAAJ|volume=I|year=1898|publisher=sumptibus et typis librariae Regensbergianae|location=Münster|language=la|pages=15–20}}</ref>  In addition it was estimated that some 6000 persons and more than 100 bishops died in 1361.<ref>Baluze (1693) I, 341 and 355, the "Secunda Vita Innocentis VI".</ref>  Cardinal Nicolas Roselli (1357–1362) of Tarragona died at Majorca on 28 March 1362, though not of the plague.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

===Naples===

King [[Louis I of Naples]] died on 25 May 1362.  This set off a power struggle, with [[Joanna I of Naples|Queen Joanna I]] attempting to get back the power she had lost to her husband, as well as a contest to see who her next husband would be.  Abbot Guillaume was summoned to Avignon, where he was on 27 June, and sent to Naples to provide the advice and guidance as to the desires of the feudal overlord of Naples, Pope Innocent VI.<ref>Chaillan, pp. 20–21.</ref>

During his trip to the south, he visited the great Benedictine abbey of [[Monte Cassino]], where he was saddened to see the state into which it had fallen, both physically and organizationally, both from earthquakes and episcopal neglect.  As soon as he became Pope he undertook to repair the situation,<ref>{{cite book|author=Luigi Tosti|title=Storia della Badia di Monte-Cassino, 3: divisa in libri nove|url=https://archive.org/details/storiadellabadia03tost_0|year=1843|publisher=Stablimento Poligrafico di Filippo Cirelli|location=Naples|language=it|pages=[https://archive.org/details/storiadellabadia03tost_0/page/52 52]–55}}</ref> and on 31 March 1367 he abolished the diocese of Cassino and restored the monastery to the complete control of its Abbot.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Tomassetti, Aloysius|title=Bullarum, diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum romanorum pontificum Taurinensis editio|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DCxOAQAAMAAJ|edition=Tomus IV|year=1859|publisher=Seb. Franco et Henrico Dalmazzo editoribus|location=Turin|language=la|pages=523–524}}</ref>