Editing Pope Leo X (section)

==Cardinal==
His father prevailed on his relative [[Pope Innocent VIII]] to name him [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] of [[Santa Maria in Domnica]] on 9 March 1489 when he was age 13,{{sfn|Williams|1998|p=71}} although he was not allowed to wear the insignia or share in the deliberations of the college until three years later. Meanwhile, he received an education at Lorenzo's [[Humanism|humanistic]] [[court (royal)|court]] under such men as [[Angelo Poliziano]], [[Pico della Mirandola]], [[Marsilio Ficino]], and [[Bernardo Dovizio Bibbiena]]. From 1489 to 1491 he studied [[theology]] and [[canon law]] at [[Pisa]].{{sfn|Löffler|1910}}

On 23 March 1492, he was formally admitted into the Sacred [[College of Cardinals]] and took up his residence at [[Rome]], receiving a letter of advice from his father. The death of Lorenzo on the following 8 April temporarily recalled the 16-year-old Giovanni to Florence. He returned to Rome to participate in the [[1492 papal conclave|conclave of 1492]] which followed the death of Innocent VIII, and unsuccessfully opposed the election of Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia as [[Pope Alexander VI]].

He subsequently made his home with his elder brother [[Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici|Piero]] in Florence throughout the agitation of [[Girolamo Savonarola]] and the invasion of [[Charles VIII of France]], until the uprising of the Florentines and the expulsion of the Medici in November 1494. While Piero found refuge at [[Venice]] and [[Urbino]], Giovanni traveled in Germany, in the [[Habsburg Netherlands|Netherlands]], and in [[Kingdom of France|France]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reformation500.csl.edu/bio/pope-leo-x/|title=Pope Leo X|date=7 February 2014}}</ref>

In May 1500, he returned to Rome, where he was received with outward cordiality by Pope Alexander VI, and where he lived for several years immersed in art and literature. In 1503 he welcomed the accession of [[Pope Julius II]] to the pontificate; the death of Piero de' Medici in the same year made Giovanni head of his family. On 1 October 1511, he was appointed [[papal legate]] of [[Bologna]] and the [[Romagna]], and when the Florentine republic declared in favour of the schismatic Pisans, Julius II sent Giovanni (as legate) with the Papal army venturing against the French. The French won a major battle and captured Giovanni.{{sfn|Setton|1984|p=118}} This and other attempts to regain political control of Florence were frustrated until a bloodless revolution permitted the return of the Medici. Giovanni's younger brother [[Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours|Giuliano]] was placed at the head of the republic,{{sfn|Phillips-Court|2011|p=90}} but Giovanni managed the government.