Editing Pope Gregory XVI (section)

===Early life===
Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari was born at [[Belluno]] in the [[Republic of Venice]], on 18 September 1765, as the last of five children, to a local [[Nobility of Italy|Italian lower noble family]], notable since the 16th century, aggregated to the local Nobility Council in 1670 and traditionally linked to liberal professions but not to the consecrated life. He was baptized at the parish of Bolzano Bellunese by his uncle Antonio Capellari. His parents were from a small village named Pesariis, in [[Friuli]]. His father, Giovanni Battista Capellari, was a notary. His mother, Giulia Cesa was a daughter of a notary. At the age of eighteen, Bartolomeo Cappellari joined the order of the [[Camaldolese]]{{sfn|McBrien|2000|p=336}} (part of the [[Benedictine]] monastic family) and entered the [[Monastery of St. Michael (Murano)|Monastery of San Michele]] in [[Murano]], near [[Venice]]. He was ordained a priest in 1787.<ref name=Toke>Toke, Leslie. "[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07006a.htm Pope Gregory XVI]". ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 20 November 2015</ref> As a Camaldolese [[monk]], Cappellari rapidly gained distinction for his [[Christian theology|theological]] and linguistic skills, and was assigned to teach philosophy and theology at San Michele in 1787, at the age of 22.

In 1790, at the age of 25, he was appointed ''censor librorum'' for his Order, as well as for the [[Venetian Holy Inquisition|Holy Office]] at Venice.<ref name=Toke/> He went to Rome in 1795 and in 1799 published a polemic against the Italian [[Jansenism|Jansenists]] titled ''II Trionfo della Santa Sede'' ("The Triumph of the Holy See"),{{sfn|McBrien|2000|p=337}}<ref>{{cite book|author=Gregory XVI (Mauro Cappellari)|title=Il trionfo della Santa Sede e della Chiesa: contro gli assalti dei novatori combattuti e respinti colle stesse loro armi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O5opAAAAYAAJ|year=1832|publisher=G. Battaggia|location=Venice|language=it}}</ref> which passed through various editions in Italy and was translated into several European languages. In 1800, he became a member of the Academy of the Catholic Religion, founded by [[Pope Pius VII]] (1800–1823), to which he contributed memoirs on theological and philosophical questions. In 1805, at the age of 40, he was appointed abbot of the [[San Gregorio Magno al Celio|Monastery of San Gregorio]] on Rome's [[Caelian Hill]].{{sfn|Pham|2004|p=322}}

When the army of the French Emperor [[Napoleon]] took Rome and arrested and deported Pius VII to France in 1809, Cappellari fled to [[Murano]], where he taught in the [[San Michele in Isola|Monastery of St. Michele]] of his Order, where he had first become a monk. From there he and a group of monks moved their little college to [[Padua]] in 1814. After Napoleon's final defeat, the [[Congress of Vienna]] re-established the sovereignty of the [[Papal States]] over central Italy and Cappellari was called back to Rome to assume the post of [[vicar general]] of the Camaldolese Order. He was then appointed as Counsellor to the [[Inquisition]], and later promoted to be Consultor (29 February 1820) and then, on 1 October 1826, [[Prefect]] of the Congregation of ''[[Propaganda Fide]]'' ("Propagation of the Faith"),{{sfn|Pham|2004|p=322}} which dealt with all missionary work outside of the [[Spanish Empire]], including missions to the non-Catholic states in Europe.<ref>Salvador Miranda, "[http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1825.htm#Cappellari Biographical notes on Mauro Cappellari]". Retrieved 10 May 2016.</ref> Twice he was offered a bishopric and twice he refused.<ref name=Toke/>