Editing Pope Gregory X (section)

==France==
Upon the death of his patron and spiritual model, Teobaldo decided not to remain any longer in the Curia, planning to travel to Paris, where he would study [[theology]]. When he reached Lyons, however, he was received by the Archbishop-elect, Philippe, who asked him to be the ''dominus'' and ''magister'' of the household. Teobaldo initially refused, but the Archbishop insisted and finally Teobaldo accepted the position.

In July 1244, [[Pope Innocent IV]] was forced by Frederick II Augustus to flee from Rome. He first travelled to his native Genoa, and then headed to Lyons, where the idea of an ecumenical council took shape. Teobaldo helped to organize the Ecumenical Council which met at Lyons in June and July 1245.<ref>Baldwin, ''Pope Gregory X and the Crusades'', p. 25.</ref> During this period, Visconti became acquainted with people such as [[Saint Bonaventure|Bonaventure]], [[Thomas Aquinas]], [[Pope Clement IV|Gui Foucois]], [[Pope Innocent V|Pierre de Tarentaise]] and Matteo Rubeo Orsini, all of whom were participants in the council. Visconti was appointed Archdeacon of Heinault in the diocese of [[Liège]] on 9 September 1246, perhaps as a reward for his services.<ref>Émile Schoolmeesters, "Tableau des archdiacres de Liége pendant le XIIIe siècle," ''Leodium'' II (Liège 1903), p. 5. Berger, ''Les registres d' Innocent IV'' Volume I (Paris 1884), p. 334 no. 2260, shows that Pope Innocent IV approved the grant on 19 September 1246 by allowing Teobaldo to hold multiple benefices. Cf. Baldwin, p. 24 and n. 50. He held the archdeaconry until 8 March 1271.</ref> He was instructed by Pope Innocent IV (Sinibaldo Fieschi, 1243–1254) to preach the crusade for the [[recovery of the Holy Land]]. Such preaching had more of a financial character than one might think, since both Crusaders and Papacy were desperate to raise funds.<ref>Judith Bronstein, ''The Hospitallers and the Holy Land: Financing the Latin East, 1187-1274'' (Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press 2005), pp. 24-25; 115-121.</ref> Teobaldo was not able to do much more than preach, sacerdotally, since he still was not a priest.

Teobaldo's time in Liège was evidently not a happy one. The bishop whom he had come to know at the Council of Lyons, Robert de Thorete, died after a brief illness on 16 October 1246.<ref>''Gallia christiana'' III (Paris 1725), 888-889.</ref> There had been a struggle for the episcopal seat when he was appointed. The Provost of Utrecht, the candidate of Frederick II, had attempted to usurp the seat, and Cardinal Giacomo de Pecorari, Bishop of Palestrina had been ordered by the Pope to intervene and prohibit an election until the canons of the cathedral could meet with him. But the vacancy of the papal throne occurred after the death of Pope Gregory IX, and lasted until June 1243. In that interval the squabbling electors came to an understanding, and on 30 October 1240, Robert, the brother of the Bishop of Verdun, was chosen. Another struggle between two candidates ensued on his death, and Cardinal Robert Capocci was sent to settle the election. Since Teobaldo was a canon as well as Archdeacon, he was directly involved. The successful candidate, on 10 October 1247, {{ill|Henry III of Guelders|de|Heinrich III. von Geldern}}, was a worldly man, the brother of Otto III, Count of Gelders, and was not yet in Holy Orders. In fact, for the next twelve years, he was neither ordained priest nor consecrated bishop. The new Bishop-Elect and his Archdeacon immediately had problems about Teobaldo's conduct of his office while being absent in Paris, an issue which was not settled until the end of 1250.<ref>Baldwin, ''Pope Gregory X and the Crusades'', p. 30-31.</ref>

Finally, in 1258, Henry of Guelders was consecrated. He also had himself elected Abbot of the famous Monastery of Stabulo (Stavelo).<ref>''Gallia christiana'' III (Paris 1725), 939-952, at 948-949. He finally resigned all his offices in 1274 in the presence of Gregory X at the Council of Lyons.</ref> This did not mean that he gave up his former dissolute military life. In 1262, he clashed with Archdeacon Teobaldo. During a Chapter meeting, he was roundly criticized by Teobaldo, who accused him of compromising the virtue of Berta, daughter of Conrardi de Coen le Frison, by force. The Bishop threatened to strike the Archdeacon. Consequently, few days later, Teobaldo was moved to leave Liège, and it is said that he undertook a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.<ref>''Gallia christiana'' III (Paris 1725), 888-889. Alphonsus Ciaconius, ''Vitae et Res Gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S.R.E. Cardinalium (ab Augusto Olduino recognitae)'' Tomus II (Roma 1677), 185—where it is alleged that Henry actually struck Teobaldo. Baldwin, ''Pope Gregory X and the Crusades'', p. 31. The "Vita Gregorii X Papae" severely telescopes events at this point by some five years. It seeks to have Teobaldo take the Cross along with Louis IX and his sons, but that event did not happen until 24 March 1267. If that collocation is accepted, then the length of Teobaldo's assignment in England is seriously reduced and its purpose compromised.</ref> He actually got as far as Paris, where he resumed his long-standing plan of studying theology. During this time he became a friend of King Louis IX.<ref>"Vita Gregorii X Papae," ab antiquissimo anonymo auctore scripta, in Ludovico Muratori ''Rerum Italicarum Scriptores'' Tomus tertius (Mediolani 1733), p. 600. Campi, p. 223.</ref>

Visconti left Liège in 1267 for [[Paris]] at the behest of [[Pope Clement IV]] who sent him to England to assist Cardinal [[Pope Adrian V|Ottobono Fieschi]], who had been appointed Papal Legate in England in 1265, to support King Henry III in the rebellion of the barons, led by Simon de Montfort.<ref>Francis Gasquet, ''Henry the Third and the English Church'' (London 1905), pp. 403-416.</ref> It was during this assignment that Teobaldo became friends with Prince Edward of England (the future Edward I), with whom he went on Crusade. Cardinal Fieschi returned to Viterbo, and participated in the conclave of 1268–1271. Edward took the cross on 24 June 1268, followed Louis IX to Tunisia, and finally reached Acre on 9 May 1271.