Editing Pope Celestine V (section)

==Founding of the Celestines==
While living like this in 1244, he founded the order subsequently named after him, the [[Celestines]]. A new religious community was formed, and in 1254 Pietro formally issued a rule formulated in accordance with his own practices, influenced by the writings of [[Peter Damian]], a renowned reformist monk.<ref name=Sweeney/> While fundamentally Benedictine, the order also had ties to radical [[Franciscans]], who were dismayed by the Church's increasing worldliness and political entanglements.<ref name="Duffy">{{cite book | last=Duffy | first=Eamon | title=Saints & Sinners: A History of the Popes | publisher=Yale University Press | publication-place=New Haven, Conn. | date=2006 | isbn=978-0-300-11597-0 | edition=3rd | page=159}}</ref> A church was built at the foot of Morrone in 1259, and in June 1263 the new institution was formally approved by [[Pope Urban IV]].<ref name=Dictionary/>

Having heard that it was probable that [[Pope Gregory X]], then holding [[Second Council of Lyon|a council at Lyon]], would suppress all such new orders as had been founded since the [[Lateran Council]] had commanded that such institutions should not be further multiplied, Pietro went to Lyon. There, in 1274, he succeeded in persuading Gregory to approve his new order, making it a branch of the Benedictines and following the [[Rule of Saint Benedict]], but adding to it additional severities and privations. Gregory took it under papal protection, assured to it the possession of all property it might acquire, and endowed it with exemption from the authority of the ordinary. Nothing more was needed to ensure the rapid spread of the new association and Pietro lived to see himself as "superior-general" to thirty-six monasteries and more than six hundred monks.<ref>{{cite book|last=Morris|first=Colin|title=The Papal Monarchy: The Western Church From 1050 to 1250 |series=Oxford History of The Christian Church |date=1989|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/495964817/Colin-Morris-The-Papal-Monarchy-the-Western-Church-From-1050-to-1250-Oxford-History-of-the-Christian-Church-1989-Libgen#|via=Scribd|access-date=1 June 2023 | isbn = 9780198269076 | place=Oxford | publisher= Clarendon Press}}</ref><ref name=Dictionary/>

In a chapter of the order held in 1293, the original monastery at Maiella being judged to be too desolate and exposed to too rigorous a climate, it was decided that the [[Abbey of the Holy Spirit at Monte Morrone, Sulmona|Abbey of the Holy Spirit]] in the plains near [[Sulmona]] should be the headquarters of the order and the residence of the general-superior, as it continued to be until the order was extinguished in the 18th century.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16019a.htm Brookfield, Paul. "Celestine Order." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 16 (Index). New York: The Encyclopedia Press, 1914 {{PD-notice}}</ref> Pietro took up residence in a cliffside hermitage overlooking the new monastery, but he would not remain undisturbed there for long.<ref name=Ferzoco/>